Iron-based photosensitizers, which can be used for solar energy conversion and photoluminescence applications, include an iron complex with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands (FeNHC), a linking unit, and a polarizable unit formed of a pi conjugated structure having a one-electron reduction potential more positive than NHC.

A photoelectric conversion element including a first electrode and a second electrode that are disposed to face each other and a photoelectric conversion layer that is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. The photoelectric conversion layer contains at least a subphthalocyanine or a subphthalocyanine derivative, and a carrier dopant, in which the carrier dopant has a concentration of less than 1% by volume ratio to the subphthalocyanine or the subphthalocyanine derivative.

Disclosed are an infrared absorption composition, and a photoelectric device, an organic sensor, and an electronic device including the same. The infrared absorption composition includes a p-type semiconductor compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and an n-type semiconductor compound. The n-type semiconductor compound includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2A, a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2B, a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2C, a fullerene derivative, or a combination thereof. The p-type semiconductor compound and the n-type semiconductor compound provide a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure.

An imaging device including pixels having a photoelectric converter including a first and second electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer; a charge accumulation region electrically connected to the first electrode; and a signal detection circuit. The photoelectric converter is applied with a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the photoelectric converter has a characteristic, responsive to the voltage within a range from a first voltage to a second voltage, showing that a density of current passing between the first electrode and the second electrode when light is incident on the photoelectric conversion layer becomes substantially equal to that when no light is incident on the photoelectric conversion layer. A difference between the first voltage and the second voltage is 0.5 V or more, and the voltage supply circuit supplies a voltage between the first voltage and the second voltage to the second electrode in a non-exposure period.

An imaging element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; and a photoelectric conversion layer including a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, and provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the photoelectric conversion layer has an exciton charge separation rate of 1×10.sup.10 s.sup.−1 to 1×10.sup.16 s.sup.−1 both inclusive in a p-n junction surface formed by the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor.

The present disclosure provides an organic electroluminescent device, a display substrate including the organic electroluminescent device, and a display apparatus including the display substrate. The organic electroluminescent device includes an anode, a cathode, and a light emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein a hole transport layer is provided between the anode and the light emitting layer and includes a hole transport material and a P-type doping material, electrons of the highest occupied molecular orbit of the P-type doping material are excitable to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit of the P-type doping material under the excitation of light to cause an electron transfer reaction from the highest occupied molecular orbit of the hole transport material to the highest occupied molecular orbit of the P-type doping material.

By introducing new concepts into a structure of a conventional organic semiconductor element and without using a conventional ultra thin film, an organic semiconductor element is provided which is more reliable and has higher yield. Further, efficiency is improved particularly in a photoelectronic device using an organic semiconductor. Between an anode and a cathode, there is provided an organic structure including alternately laminated organic thin film layer (functional organic thin film layer) realizing various functions by making an SCLC flow, and a conductive thin film layer (ohmic conductive thin film layer) imbued with a dark conductivity by doping it with an acceptor and a donor, or by the like method.

Multilayer structures comprising a covalent organic framework (COF) film in contact with a polyaromatic carbon (PAC) film. The multilayer structures can be made by combining precursor compounds in the presence of a PAC film. The PAC film can be for example, a single layer graphene film. The multilayer structures can be used in a variety of applications such as solar cells, flexible displays, lighting devices, RFID tags, sensors, photoreceptors, batteries, capacitors, gas-storage devices, and gas-separation devices.

There is provided a photoelectric conversion film including a quinacridone derivative represented by the following General formula and a subphthalocyanine derivative represented by the following General formula.

Provided is an organic compound represented by the general formula [1]: ##STR00001## in the formula [1], R.sub.1 to R.sub.18 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 or more and 18 or less carbon atoms, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 or more and 15 or less carbon atoms, and may be identical to or different from each other, and the plurality of R.sub.17's or the plurality of R.sub.18's may be identical to or different from each other, and the R.sub.1 to the R.sub.18 may each further have a substituent selected from a halogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less.