Iron-based photosensitizers, which can be used for solar energy conversion and photoluminescence applications, include an iron complex with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands (FeNHC), a linking unit, and a polarizable unit formed of a pi conjugated structure having a one-electron reduction potential more positive than NHC.

Disclosed are an infrared absorption composition, and a photoelectric device, an organic sensor, and an electronic device including the same. The infrared absorption composition includes a p-type semiconductor compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and an n-type semiconductor compound. The n-type semiconductor compound includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2A, a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2B, a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2C, a fullerene derivative, or a combination thereof. The p-type semiconductor compound and the n-type semiconductor compound provide a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure.

Multilayer structures comprising a covalent organic framework (COF) film in contact with a polyaromatic carbon (PAC) film. The multilayer structures can be made by combining precursor compounds in the presence of a PAC film. The PAC film can be for example, a single layer graphene film. The multilayer structures can be used in a variety of applications such as solar cells, flexible displays, lighting devices, RFID tags, sensors, photoreceptors, batteries, capacitors, gas-storage devices, and gas-separation devices.

Provided is an organic compound represented by the general formula [1]: ##STR00001## in the formula [1], R.sub.1 to R.sub.18 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 or more and 18 or less carbon atoms, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 or more and 15 or less carbon atoms, and may be identical to or different from each other, and the plurality of R.sub.17's or the plurality of R.sub.18's may be identical to or different from each other, and the R.sub.1 to the R.sub.18 may each further have a substituent selected from a halogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less.

Visibly transparent photovoltaic devices are disclosed, such as those are transparent to visible light but absorb near-infrared light and/or ultraviolet light. The photovoltaic devices make use of transparent electrodes and near-infrared absorbing visibly transparent photoactive compounds, optical materials, and/or buffer materials.

A light emitting device includes a first electrode, a hole transporting layer in contact with the first electrode, a second electrode, an electron transporting layer in contact with the second electrode; and an emissive layer between the hole transporting layer and the electron transporting layer. The emissive layer includes a metal-assisted delayed fluorescent (MADF) emitter, a fluorescent emitter, and a host, and the MADF emitter harvests electrogenerated excitons and transfers energy to the fluorescent emitter.

An electrode suitable for constructing an electrochemical double layer capacitor and/or supercapacitor is provided that includes an electrode material a metal organic framework (MOF), wherein the MOF includes an inorganic building unit including metal atoms selected from group 1 to group 12 elements, and functional groups of organic linkers including oxygen (O) and one or more atoms selected from the group comprising phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), silicon (Si), selenium (Se) and bismuth (Bi). The functional groups of the organic linkers can include phosphonate, arsonate, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, arsonic acids and/or arsinic acids, monoester and/or diester forms thereof. Further, the metal atoms may be selected from zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), gold (Au) and silver (Ag). The use of the MOF as a semiconductor in semiconductor applications, a semiconductive device, such as a photovoltaic cell, including the MOF are also provided.

A photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode section; a second electrode section; an electron-transporting section between the first electrode section and the second electrode section; a light-absorbing section; and a hole-transporting section. The hole-transporting section has a peak that reaches maximum at a Raman shift of 1575 cm.sup.−1±10 cm.sup.−1 and a peak that reaches maximum at a Raman shift of 1606 cm .sup.−1±10 cm.sup.−1 in a Raman spectrum obtained by emitting laser light having a wavelength of 532 nm; and has a peak intensity ratio A/B of 0.80 or more, the peak intensity ratio A/B being obtained from a maximum peak intensity A of the peak that reaches maximum at 1575 cm.sup.−1±10 cm.sup.−1 and a maximum peak intensity B of the peak that reaches maximum at 1606 cm.sup.−1±10 cm.sup.−1.

An imaging element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode; a second electrode that is disposed to be opposed to the first electrode; and an organic layer that is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including a dipyrromethene derivative represented by a general formula (1) or a general formula (2).

Provided herein are dyes, dye-sensitized solar cells, and sequential series multijunction dye-sensitized solar cell devices. The dyes include an electron deficient acceptor moiety, a medium electron density π-bridge moiety, and an electron rich donor moiety comprising a biaryl, a substituted biaryl, or an R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 substituted phenyl where each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 independently comprises H, aryl, multiaryl, alkyl substituted aryl, alkoxy substituted aryl, alkyl substituted multiaryl, alkoxy substituted multiaryl, OR.sup.4, N(R.sup.5).sub.2, or a combination thereof; each R.sup.4 independently comprises H, alkyl, aryl, alkyl substituted aryl, alkoxy substituted aryl, or a combination thereof; and each R.sup.5 independently comprises aryl, multiaryl, alkyl substituted aryl, alkoxy substituted aryl, alkyl substituted multiaryl, alkoxy substituted multiaryl, or a combination thereof. The solar cells include a glass substrate, a dye-sensitized active layer, and a redox shuttle. The devices include at least two dye-sensitized solar cells connected in series.