The present disclosure provides a display panel including a substrate, an organic electroluminescent device, and an absorbing layer, wherein the organic electroluminescent device is arranged on the substrate, and the absorbing layer covers the organic electroluminescent device and the substrate. The absorbing layer includes an oxygen absorbing layer and a photocatalytic layer for catalyzing water decomposition, the photocatalytic layer covers the organic electroluminescent device and the substrate around the organic electroluminescent device, and the oxygen absorbing layer is covered on the photocatalytic layer and the substrate around the photocatalytic layer.

A compound having a structure of ##STR00001##
is disclosed. In these formulas, each R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, and aryl; at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is a branched alkyl containing at least 4 carbon atoms, where the branching occurs at a position further than the benzylic position; where R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, or no substitutions; and R.sub.2 is mono-, di-, or no substitutions. Heteroleptic iridium complexes including such compounds, and devices including such compounds are also disclosed.

An organic photoelectric conversion device and an image sensor, the organic photoelectric conversion device including an upper electrode; a lower electrode; and an active layer between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, wherein the active layer includes bis-(4-dimethylaminodithiobenzyl)-Ni(II) (BDN) and [6,6]-Phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM).

A quantum dot film includes: one surface grafted with a first ammonium halide ligand; and another surface opposite to the one surface and grafted with a second ammonium halide ligand. The first ammonium halide ligand has a general structural formula:

##STR00001##

and the second ammonium halide ligand has a general structural formula:

##STR00002##

n.sub.1≤12, n.sub.2≤12, 12≤n.sub.3≤17, 12≤n.sub.4≤17, n.sub.1, n.sub.2, n.sub.3 and n.sub.4 are natural numbers, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are independently selected from phenyl or hydrogen, and X is halogen.

An electroluminescent device includes a first electrode; a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode; and a light emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the light emitting layer includes semiconductor nanoparticles, wherein the semiconductor nanoparticles do not include cadmium, the semiconductor nanoparticles have a core shell structure, the semiconductor nanoparticles include zinc, selenium, tellurium, and sulfur, wherein in a two dimensional image obtained by an electron microscopy analysis, the semiconductor nanoparticles show an average value of a circularity defined by the following equation of greater than or equal to about 0.8 and less than or equal to about 1:

[00001]$\mathrm{circularity}=4\pi \times \frac{\mathrm{Area}}{{\left[\mathrm{Perimeter}\right]}^2}$

wherein Area is an area of a two dimensional image of an individual semiconductor nanoparticle, and Perimeter is a circumference of the two dimensional image of the individual semiconductor nanoparticle.

An organic light-emitting device and an electronic apparatus incorporating the same. The organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer between the anode and the cathode and comprising an emission region. The emission region includes a first emission layer, a second emission layer, and a first exciton quenching layer. The first emission layer comprises a first host and a first dopant, the second emission layer comprises a second host and a second dopant, and the first exciton quenching layer is disposed between the first emission layer and the second emission layer and comprises a first quenching material.

A zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterial includes a ZnO nanoparticle and a surface ligand. The surface ligand bonded to the ZnO nanoparticle has a structure of

##STR00001##

R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are independently selected from at least one of hydrogen, alkoxy group with a carbon number of one to three, or amino group. R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 include one to three alkoxy groups with a carbon number of one to three and zero to one amino group.

The present invention relates to an organic electronic device, comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a substantially organic layer comprising a compound according to formula (I) between the first and the second electrode: ##STR00001##
wherein M is a metal ion, each of A.sup.1-A.sup.4 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl and substituted or unsubstituted C2-C20 heteroaryl and n is valency of the metal ion.

A method of manufacturing of an ink (100) composition comprises a biphasic ligand exchange process. A first phase liquid (10) comprising a nonpolar solvent (11) with a colloidal suspension of nanoparticles (1) that are capped with a shell of non polar ligands (2) is contacted with a second phase liquid (20) comprising a polar solvent (21) with second ligand (3). The second ligand comprises at least one surface binding head group that has an affinity for binding to the nanoparticle; and an ionically charged tail group. The second ligands displace the first ligands to form a dispersion of the nanoparticles that are capped with a shell of the second ligands in the second phase liquid. The nanoparticles can be separated from the second phase liquid. The separated nanoparticles can be (re)dispersed in a printable liquid medium, e.g. used for printing a photoactive layer.

An optoelectronic signal translating device having a region containing rare earth or transition metal ions for generation of radiation of a predetermined wavelength. Said region includes an organic complex comprising a ligand adapted to enhance the emission of radiation and a chromophore separately co-operable with a radiation source of wavelength not greater than that of said predetermined desired radiation. Said chromophore can be excited to cross-couple with the upper permitted energy state of said rare earth or transition metal ions, thereby generating said predetermined desired radiation by subsequent decay of said ions to the permitted lower energy state.