An organic electroluminescent element using a compound represented by the following general formula (I) emits dark blue light and has small changes in the chromaticity and in the driving voltage even after driving for a long period of time: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.6; Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2; X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are as defined herein.

[Problem] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel optical functional material in which silver nanoparticles are used. [Solution] According to the present invention, a ternary composite formed by mixing silver nanoparticles, an organic semiconductor, and a clay in a liquid phase is provided. The organic semiconductor is preferably an organic charge-transfer complex, and more preferably a charge-transfer boron polymer. The clay is a layered silicate mineral, and preferably smectite. The present invention also provides an antibacterial agent, a photoelectric converter, and a photosensitive pointing device using the ternary composite.

The present invention relates to compounds for use in electronic devices, preferably organic electroluminescent devices. The invention furthermore relates to processes for the preparation of these compounds and to electronic devices comprising these compounds, preferably in a function as matrix materials and/or as electron-transport materials.

It discloses a perovskite optoelectronic device which includes a substrate, electrode layers and functional layers. The electrode layer is deposited on the substrate, the functional layer is deposited between the electrode layers, and the functional layer at least includes a perovskite layer, wherein the perovskite layer is a perovskite material possessing a self-organized multiple quantum well structure. By adjusting material components, controllable adjustment of the structure of the multiple quantum wells and effective energy transfer between the multiple quantum wells can be implemented, and light emitting color may be near-ultraviolet light, visible light and near-infrared light; moreover, the problems of low coverage and poor stability of the existing perovskite films can be effectively solved.

An organic light-emitting apparatus includes an organic light-emitting device and a magnetic field-applying member that applies a magnetic field to the organic light-emitting device. The organic light-emitting device includes a host and a dopant.

The present invention provides a novel compound that is capable of largely improving a life span, efficiency, electrochemical stability and thermal stability of an organic light emitting device, and an organic light emitting device in which the compound is included in an organic compound layer.

A heterocyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound being represented by Formula 1 below: ##STR00001##

A composition of matter including a donor including a dithiophene unit combined with a non-fullerene acceptor. Further disclosed is a device comprising an active region including the composition of matter. Example devices include a solar cell or a photodetector.

The invention relates to purely organic emitter molecules of a new type according to formula I and to the use thereof in optoelectronic devices, in particular in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), comprising donor D: an aromatic or heteraromatic chemical group on which the HOMO is located and which optionally has at least one substitution; acceptor A: an aromatic or heteromatic chemical group on which the LUMO is located and which optionally has at least one substitution; bridge B1, bridge B2: organic groups that link the donor D and the acceptor A in a non-conjugated manner; wherein in particular the energy difference ΔE(S.sub.1−T.sub.1) between the lowest excited singlet (S1) state of the organic emitter molecule and the triplet (T1) state of the organic emitter molecule lying thereunder is less than 2000 cm.sup.−1.

A compound of formula (7) is provided

##STR00001## wherein L.sub.4 is a linking group selected from the group consisting of:

##STR00002## provided that an asterisk (*) indicates the position bonding to the nitrogen atom of the carbazolyl group, R.sub.6 to R.sub.13 are independently a hydrogen atom, or a phenyl group, Ar.sub.17 is an unsubstituted phenylphenyl group, and Ar.sub.18 is a phenylphenyl group which may be substituted by a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, or a phenyl group which may be substituted by a naphthyl group.