A glass membrane deformation assembly configured to deform a glass membrane includes: a deformable glass membrane having a first surface and a second surface; a piezoelectric layer affixed to at least a portion of the first surface of the deformable glass membrane, wherein the piezoelectric layer is controllably deformable via a voltage potential; and a structural layer affixed to at least a portion of the second surface of the deformable glass membrane; wherein the controllably deformation of the piezoelectric layer is configured to controllably deform the deformable glass membrane.

A piezoelectric transducer for measuring a force includes a base element; a pre-loading element; at least one effective main seismic mass aggregation of pre-loaded parts capable of producing the force when being accelerated; a main piezoelectric ceramic element including a first piezoelectric ceramic; at least one compensation seismic mass aggregation of pre-loaded parts capable of producing a compensation force when being accelerated; a compensation piezoelectric ceramic element including a second piezoelectric ceramic. The first piezoelectric ceramic has a thermal sensitivity shift smaller than the second piezoelectric ceramic. The main piezoelectric ceramic element is oriented with respect to the force to be measured and the compensation piezoelectric ceramic element is oriented with respect to the compensation force such that the main electric charge and the compensation electric charge are opposite in polarity.

A magnetic memory includes a deformable base plate, a spin device element coupled with the deformable base plate and storing a data as a magnetization direction, and a bending mechanism to bend the deformable base plate. At least one of upper and lower surfaces of the deformable base plate faces a space which is not filled with solid substance.

A flexure guidance system may be provided for controlling movement of an optical subassembly and/or a connected combiner lens. For instance, the flexure guidance system may include a distal end piece, a proximal end piece, and multiple wire flexures that link the distal end piece to the proximal end piece. The linking wire flexures may be spaced to form an interior cavity between the distal end piece and the proximal end piece. This interior cavity may house various electronic components. One or more actuators in the system may move the electronic components according to input signals along different axes of movement provided by the wire flexures. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

A piezoelectric drive element includes piezoelectric layers, electrode layers between the piezoelectric layers, and electrode layers as the surfaces of the laminated layers. The piezoelectric layers are arranged on the upper side and on the lower side with reference to the center in the thickness direction, and are polarized in opposite directions. The thicknesses of piezoelectric layers at the center which have the least displacement are the thickest. The thicknesses of the piezoelectric layers above and under the thickest piezoelectric layers decrease gradually in an outward direction. A piezoelectric sound-generating body is constructed by affixing the piezoelectric driving element to a support plate and supporting the piezoelectric driving element with a frame.

Provided is a multilayer transformable device with enhanced driving displacement and a display device including the same. The multilayer transformable device, for example, includes a plurality of unit transformable devices, each of the unit transformable devices that includes a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a transformable layer including an electro-active polymer (EAP) and a sub-transformable layer disposed between the plurality of unit transformable devices, the sub-transformable layer including a sub-EAP different from the EAP.

A driving unit includes a rotor, a plurality of vibratory members, and a driving circuit. The vibratory members each include an action part in contact with the outer periphery of the rotor and a motional part including an expansion-and-contraction driver to expand and contract in response to an applied voltage. The motional part allows the action part to slide along the rotational direction of the rotor. The driving circuit applies voltages to the expansion-and-contraction drivers. The vibratory members are disposed in such a way that the action parts of the vibratory members hold the rotor between the action parts.

A piezoelectric motorization system has a mechanically flexible body that has one or more surfaces for placing piezoelectric actuators. The system has groups of piezoelectric actuators each positioned on one of the surfaces of the mechanically flexible body that is connected to the electronic circuitry. The electronic circuitry controls the driving of the mechanical loads by the mechanically flexible body by injecting sets of control signals into different groups of actuators positioned on the mechanically flexible body. Each control signal operates groups of driving frequencies with an adjustable amplitude ratio and an adjustable phase difference among driving frequencies. And, under a set of boundary conditions exhibited by a set of structural dimensions of the mechanically flexible body, each control signal induces multi-mode resonance of the mechanically flexible body for driving the mechanical loads multi-dimensionally.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a driver of a vibrator including: a control section; and an alternating current signal generation section configured to generate an alternating current signal based on an output from the control section, and to apply the alternating current signal to the vibrator, wherein the control section is configured to lower a frequency of the alternating current signal, and to change, after the frequency change, at least one of a voltage ratio and a phase difference of the alternating current signal such that the ellipse ratio of the elliptical motion changes from a first ellipse ratio to a second ellipse ratio, the second ellipse ratio has a larger ratio of a component in a moving direction in the elliptical motion to a component in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction in the elliptical motion than the first ellipse ratio.

The invention concerns a method for generating a haptic effect at a target point of a solid by using at least two piezoelectric actuators capable of emitting, at a given instant t, a wave under the effect of ultrasonic frequency control signals capable of creating vibrations at the surface of the solid in such a way as to create an ultrasonic lubrication effect (“squeeze film” effect) at the target point. The respective control signal of each actuator is calculated depending on the distance between the respective actuator and the target point to be actuated, such that the surface deformations obtained at the target point under consideration combine to create a haptic effect there greater than that obtained when using a single actuator.