A reluctance transducer includes a soft ferromagnetic yoke and a soft ferromagnetic core element, which is movable relative to the yoke. Two permanent magnets bear the core element. The permanent magnets are arranged relative to each other and to the yoke so that the reluctance transducer has a good linear relationship between displacement and force. The reluctance transducer can be applied as stiffness compensating element. The reluctance transducer can include an electrical winding to allow its application as a magnetic bearing, an actuator or as a displacement, velocity or acceleration sensor with improved intrinsic linearity.

A solenoid valve unit has a breathing hole extending in a radial direction through a sleeve on a side of a solenoid portion and bringing a space, which is formed between an armature and a spool when the armature is at least in a predetermined region, into communication with the outside, a first opening facing a side of a valve portion and opening to the outside, a second opening opening to the outside, and a breathing channel in a solenoid case, the breathing channel communicating at an end thereof with the first opening and communicating at an opposite end thereof with the second opening.

A solenoid valve unit has a breathing hole extending in a radial direction through a sleeve on a side of a solenoid portion and bringing a space, which is formed between an armature and a spool when the armature is at least in a predetermined region, into communication with the outside, a first opening facing a side of a valve portion and opening to the outside, a second opening opening to the outside, and a breathing channel in a solenoid case, the breathing channel communicating at an end thereof with the first opening and communicating at an opposite end thereof with the second opening.

A high pressure valve includes a body on which is fixed an electromagnet, the shell of which has a radial discal part provided with a central hole connecting an internal opposite surface to an external surface. The body is provided with a cylindrical external centring surface and with a radial support surface. The shell is arranged on the body around the centring surface, the external discal surface being in surface contact against the support surface of the body. The coil of the electromagnet is arranged in the tubular space between the body and the shell itself closed by a closure ring. The liquid-tightness between the body and the shell is ensured by a gasket compressed by a wedging washer against the centring surface and against the internal discal surface. The shell is then immobilised on the body by the wedging washer.

The electromagnetic device includes a coil bobbin around which a coil is wound and that is formed from a non-magnetic material, and a movable core that is provided in a cylindrical hollow portion of the coil bobbin and moves by excitation of the coil. A first protrusion and a second protrusion facing a part of the lower half of the movable core are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical hollow portion in ranges extending from two openings to a middle point of the coil bobbin, respectively, and the movable core is supported by the first protrusion and the second protrusion when the movable core moves.

Variable pressure feedback using solenoid-based actuators. Actuators positioned proximate the surface a user's body can include a deflectable armature and a coiled wire to deflect the armature to apply pressure to the user's body surface. A method can control such actuators to apply a respective level of pressure to the user's body surface. Additionally or alternatively, actuators positioned proximate the user's body surface can include solenoid(s) configured for activation, by at least one electrical signal, to generate, for each solenoid, a respective magnetic field and apply a corresponding pressure to the user's body surface. Activation of a solenoid can repel magnetic material to provide the pressure against the user's body surface, or cause the solenoid (or solenoid core thereof) to repel away from magnetic material and toward the user's body surface to apply pressure thereto.

Variable pressure feedback using solenoid-based actuators. Actuators positioned proximate the surface a user's body can include a deflectable armature and a coiled wire to deflect the armature to apply pressure to the user's body surface. A method can control such actuators to apply a respective level of pressure to the user's body surface. Additionally or alternatively, actuators positioned proximate the user's body surface can include solenoid(s) configured for activation, by at least one electrical signal, to generate, for each solenoid, a respective magnetic field and apply a corresponding pressure to the user's body surface. Activation of a solenoid can repel magnetic material to provide the pressure against the user's body surface, or cause the solenoid (or solenoid core thereof) to repel away from magnetic material and toward the user's body surface to apply pressure thereto.

A bistable solenoid valve device for a fluid system is provided. The bistable solenoid valve device comprises a bistable solenoid valve. The bistable solenoid valve comprises a permanent magnet. The bistable solenoid valve further comprises an armature displaceable between a first armature position and a second armature position. The bistable solenoid valve further comprises a first switching coil for energization for a displacement of the armature into the first armature position. The bistable solenoid valve further comprises a second switching coil for energization for a displacement of the armature into the second armature position. The bistable solenoid valve further comprises an evaluation device adapted to measure an induced coil voltage, an induced coil current, or both the induced coil voltage and the induced coil current, at one or more of the non-energized switching coils. The evaluation device is further adapted to assess a switching behavior of the armature.

A valve solenoid includes a coil pot having an internal volume. A coil is positioned concentrically within the internal volume. An outer tube is positioned concentrically within the coil. A pole core is positioned concentrically within the outer tube. An armature includes an armature first portion positioned distal from the pole core and an armature second portion at least a portion of which is positioned concentrically within the outer tube. An inner tube is positioned concentrically within the channel defined by the armature such that the at least a portion of the armature second portion is positioned concentrically between the outer tube and the inner tube. An armature pin is fixedly coupled to the armature. A biasing member is positioned within the channel. A first end of the biasing member is coupled to the armature pin and a second end of the biasing member coupled to the pole core.

A solenoid valve includes a valve body defining a valve inlet and a valve outlet in fluid communication with one another by a flow path through the valve body. A magnetic coil is housed with the valve body. An armature within the valve body includes an actuation portion extending along a longitudinal axis, and a valve portion extending along the longitudinal axis and connected to the actuation portion by a transition portion. The actuation portion includes a first material, the valve portion includes a second material different from the first material, and the transition portion includes a gradient material blended from the first material to the second material in a direction from the actuation portion to the valve portion.