A transformer includes a substrate having an input and an output, the input being connectable to one section of a medical electrical device, the output being connectable to another section of the medical electrical device. An input ground system and an output ground system, which is electrically isolated from the input ground system, provide continuous return paths for an input signal and an output signal, respectively. The transformer includes a primary winding electrically connected to the input, a secondary winding electrically connected to the output, and a core transferring data from the primary winding to the secondary winding using magnetic field coupling. A middle portion of the primary winding and a middle portion of the secondary winding wrap around the core and are twisted together. Other portions of the primary winding are twisted with one another, while other portions of the secondary winding are twisted with one another.

A transformer respectively includes a first isolation barrier, a first inductive element, a second isolation barrier, and a second inductive element. The first isolation barrier and second isolation barrier each comprise multiple isolation layers. The transformer also includes magnetic material including a top magnetic portion disposed above the first isolation barrier. The transformer also includes a bottom magnetic portion disposed below the second inductive element; The transformer further includes an intermediary magnetic portion extending from the top magnetic portion to the bottom magnetic portion via a through-hole within the first isolation barrier, first inductive element, second isolation barrier, and second inductive element. The transformer yet further includes at least one lateral magnetic portion extending from the top magnetic portion to the bottom magnetic portion. The at least one lateral magnetic portion is disposed laterally from the first isolation barrier, first inductive element, second isolation barrier, and second inductive element.

A DC-DC converter includes a transformer having primary and secondary windings, a power oscillator applying an oscillating signal to the primary winding to transmit a power signal to the secondary winding, a rectifier obtaining an output DC voltage by rectifying the power signal at the secondary winding, and comparison circuitry generating an error signal representing a difference between the output DC voltage and a reference voltage value. A transmitter connected to the secondary winding performs an amplitude modulation of the power signal at the secondary winding to transmit an amplitude modulated power signal to the primary winding, the amplitude modulation based upon the error signal and modulating a stream of data to the primary winding. A receiver coupled to the primary winding demodulates the amplitude modulated power signal to recover the error signal and the stream of data. An amplitude of the oscillating signal is controlled by the error signal.

An isolation transformer includes: a Faraday cage and an input ground terminal for connecting to the Faraday cage; and an output ground terminal connected to the Faraday cage for further connection to a further circuit. The isolation trans-former further has a clean ground input terminal for receiving an external clean ground; a clean ground output terminal for connecting to a further clean ground input terminal of the further circuit; and a physical electrical node placed at a location within the Faraday cage where the magnetic flux and electric field are the lowest. The clean ground input terminal is electrically fed into the isolation transformer and connected to the physical electrical node through a first electric connection, and the physical electrical node is further electrically connected to a clean ground output terminal through a second electric connection. The invention provides for a low-EMI isolation transformer.

A DC-DC converter includes a power oscillator connected to a first transformer winding, and a channel conveying a data stream through galvanic isolation by power signal modulation. A rectifier rectifies the power signal to produce a DC voltage. A comparator produces an error signal from the DC voltage and a reference voltage. An analog-to-digital converter converts the error signal to a digital power control value. A multiplexer multiplexes the digital power control value with the data stream to obtain a multiplexed bitstream. A transmitter driven by the multiplexed bitstream performs amplitude modulation of the power signal at a second transformer winding. A receiver connected to the first winding demodulates the amplitude modulated power signal. A demultiplexer demultiplexes the data stream and the digital power control value. A digital-to-analog converter converts the digital power control value to an analog control signal for the power oscillator.

A power conversion apparatus including a circuit board, a transformer, a first circuit, a second circuit, a first main coil, and a second main coil is provided. The transformer, the first circuit, and the second circuit are disposed on the circuit board. The transformer has a first winding and a second winding. The first circuit is coupled to and provides an input voltage to the first winding. The first end of the second winding is configured to provide an output voltage. The second circuit is coupled to the second winding. The first main coil is coupled to the first circuit. The second main coil is printed on the circuit board and coupled between the second circuit and a first reference potential terminal. The first main coil and the second main coil are electrically insulated from each other and magnetically coupled to each other. The first circuit and the second circuit perform digital signal communication through the first main coil and the main second coil to control the voltage value of the output voltage.

A transit device that can suppress deterioration of a waveform of a transmitted signal and suppress noise superimposed on the signal while securing a required insulation distance is provided. The transit device is connected to a communication line connecting a first communication device and a second communication device and includes pulse transformers serially connected in the communication line, at least one first pulse transformer of the pulse transformers including an insulation transformer for insulating the first communication device from the second communication device and a common-mode transformer serially connected with the insulation transformer in the communication line for attenuating noise superimposed on the signal transmitted through the communication line, a second pulse transformer of the pulse transformers including an insulation transformer for insulating the first communication device from the second communication device.

According to one embodiment, in a magnetic coupler, a plurality of coils includes a first pattern and a second pattern. The first pattern includes a first winding portion and a second winding portion. The second winding portion is arranged in a first direction to the first winding portion The second pattern is disposed adjacent to the first pattern along the first plane. The second pattern is arranged at a position corresponding to a boundary between the first winding pattern and the second winding pattern. The second pattern includes a third winding portion and a fourth winding portion. The fourth winding portion is arranged in a second direction to the third winding portion. The second direction is a different direction from the first direction. The fourth winding portion is wound in a reversed direction with the third winding portion.

Isolators having a back-to-back configuration for providing electrical isolation between two circuits are described, in which multiple isolators formed on a single, monolithic substrate are connected in series to achieve a higher amount of electrical isolation for a single substrate than for isolators formed on separate substrates connected in series. Discrete dielectric regions positioned between isolator components forming an isolator provide electrical isolation between the isolator components as well as between the isolators formed on the substrate. The back-to-back isolator may provide one or more communication channels for transfer of information and/or power between different circuits.

According to one embodiment, there is provided a magnetic coupler including a first coil, a second coil and a first electric shield. The second coil faces the first coil. The first electric shield is disposed between the first coil and the second coil and electrically connected to a reference node of a circuit on the first coil side or the second coil side.