A permanent magnet may include a Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 phase constitution. In some examples, the permanent magnet may be formed by a technique that includes straining an iron wire or sheet comprising at least one iron crystal in a direction substantially parallel to a <001> crystal axis of the iron crystal; nitridizing the iron wire or sheet to form a nitridized iron wire or sheet; annealing the nitridized iron wire or sheet to form a Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 phase constitution in at least a portion of the nitridized iron wire or sheet; and pressing the nitridized iron wires and sheets to form bulk permanent magnet.

In one embodiment, a magnet includes a three-dimensional structure with nanoscale features, where the three-dimensional structure has a near net shape corresponding to a predefined shape.

Disclosed herein is a permanent magnet comprising: a plurality of aligned iron nitride nanoparticles wherein the iron nitride nanoparticles include α″-Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 phase domains; wherein a ratio of integrated intensities of an α″-Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 (004) x-ray diffraction peak to an α″-α″-Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 (202) x-ray diffraction peak for the aligned iron nitride nanoparticles is greater than at least 7%, wherein the diffraction vector is parallel to alignment direction, and wherein the iron nitride nanoparticles exhibit a squareness measured parallel to the alignment direction that is greater than a squareness measured perpendicular to the alignment direction.

The present invention involves a graphene-containing rare earth permanent magnet material and preparation method thereof. The graphene-containing rare earth permanent magnet material, comprising: 20.6 to 23.4 weight percent of neodymium, 6.6 to 7.5 weight percent of praseodymium, 0.95 to 1.20 weight percent of boron, 0.4 to 0.6 weight percent of cobalt, 0.11 to 0.15 weight percent of copper, 2.0 to 2.4 weight percent of lanthanum, 1.7 to 2.1 weight percent of cerium, 1 to 5 weight percent of graphene, a remainder being iron. The graphene-containing rare earth permanent magnet material exhibits excellent temperature resistance, good conductivity and magnet properties even without any heavy rare earth elements like terbium or dysprosium, which dramatically reduces the cost, promotes the efficient utilization of rare earth resources and improves product quality. The preparation method within this invention is simple to realize, easy to control, cost-effective and has high production efficiency and stable product performances.

Disclosed herein is a permanent magnet comprising: a plurality of aligned iron nitride nanoparticles wherein the iron nitride nanoparticles include α″-Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 phase domains; wherein a ratio of integrated intensities of an α″-Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 (004) x-ray diffraction peak to an α″-α″-Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 (202) x-ray diffraction peak for the aligned iron nitride nanoparticles is greater than at least 7%, wherein the diffraction vector is parallel to alignment direction, and wherein the iron nitride nanoparticles exhibit a squareness measured parallel to the alignment direction that is greater than a squareness measured perpendicular to the alignment direction.

A sintered ferrite magnet having a composition of metal elements of Ca, R, A, Fe and Co, which is represented by the general formula of Ca.sub.1−x−yR.sub.xA.sub.yFe.sub.2n−zCo.sub.z, wherein R is at least one of rare earth elements indispensably including La; A is Sr and/or Ba; x, y, z and n represent the atomic ratios of Ca, R, A, Fe and Co; 2n represents a molar ratio expressed by 2n=(Fe+Co)/(Ca+R+A); and x, y, z and n meet the conditions of 0.15≤x≤0.35, 0.05≤y≤0.40, (1−x−y)>y, 0<z≤0.18, and 7.5≤(2n−z)<11.0.

A method of forming an annealed magnet includes positioning a magnetizing array ring concentrically with a ring of bulk magnetic material to form an assembly, the magnetizing array ring having a magnetic field defining directions for orienting grains of the ring of bulk magnetic material, placing the assembly in a furnace, and operating the furnace to anneal the ring of bulk magnetic material and grow the grains in the directions. A magnetic array assembly includes a furnace; and an assembly including (i) a ring of bulk magnetic material having grains and (ii) a magnetizing array ring concentric with the ring of bulk magnetic material, and having a magnetic field defining directions for orienting the grains during growth thereof in a presence of heat from the furnace.

There is provided a manufacturing method for a rare earth magnet, including forming a zinc-containing coating film on a surface of a particle of a samarium-iron-nitrogen-based magnetic powder to obtain a coated powder, subjecting the coated powder to compression molding to obtain a compacted powder body, and subjecting the compacted powder body to pressure sintering, in which a coating rate of the coating film with respect to an entire surface of the particle of the coated powder is 96% or more, and the formation of the coating film and the pressure sintering of the compacted powder body is carried out in a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere, and the compression molding of the coated powder is carried out in the atmospheric air.

Techniques are disclosed concerning applied magnetic field synthesis and processing of iron nitride magnetic materials. Some methods concern casting a material including iron in the presence of an applied magnetic field to form a workpiece including at least one ironbased phase domain including uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, wherein the applied magnetic field has a strength of at least about 0.01 Tesla (T). Also disclosed are workpieces made by such methods, apparatus for making such workpieces and bulk materials made by such methods.

A permanent magnet in the form of a multi-pole magnet, comprising an isotropic magnetic material, having a central axis, magnetised such that the magnetic field, considered on a virtual circle lies substantially in a virtual plane tangential to the circle, and rotates inside that virtual plane, depending on the position on the circle. A method of producing a magnet comprising: a) providing a shaped body comprising an isotropic magnetic material; b) providing at least four electrical conductor segments; c) simultaneously make currents flow in each conductor segment. A magnet made in this way. Use of such a magnet for angular position sensing. An angular position sensor system comprising such a magnet.