An electrode foil for an electrolytic capacitor includes a base material containing a valve metal and a dissimilar metal composite layer covering a surface of the base material. The dissimilar metal composite layer includes a mixed region in which a first metal and a second metal are mixed. The second metal is different from the first metal. The mixed region constitutes at least 50% of the dissimilar metal composite layer in a thickness-wise direction of the dissimilar metal composite layer. Each of a content M1 of the first metal and a content M2 of the second metal with respect to all metals in the mixed region is 1 atomic % or more.

A capacitor and capacitor assemblies are provided, configured to prevent damage from shock and/or vibration. A capacitor assembly according to the invention comprises an anode plate having an anode plate wire extending from a surface of the anode plate. An anode wire holder is positioned around at least a portion of the anode plate wire. A wire separator comprising a channel is provided, at least a portion of the anode plate wire received within the channel. Methods of forming capacitors and capacitor assemblies are also provided.

A capacitor and capacitor assemblies are provided, configured to prevent damage from shock and/or vibration. A capacitor assembly according to the invention comprises an anode plate having an anode plate wire extending from a surface of the anode plate. An anode wire holder is positioned around at least a portion of the anode plate wire. A wire separator comprising a channel is provided, at least a portion of the anode plate wire received within the channel. Methods of forming capacitors and capacitor assemblies are also provided.

A conductive material including a plurality of particles, the plurality of particles including at least a first particle having: a layered material including one or plural layers, wherein the one or plural layers include a layer body represented by M.sub.mX.sub.n (where M is at least one metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, X is a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, n is not less than 1 and not more than 4, and m is more than n but not more than 5), and a modifier or terminal T (where T is at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom) existing on a surface of the layer body; and a metal material at least partially covering the layered material.

A conductive material including a plurality of particles, the plurality of particles including at least a first particle having: a layered material including one or plural layers, wherein the one or plural layers include a layer body represented by M.sub.mX.sub.n (where M is at least one metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, X is a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof, n is not less than 1 and not more than 4, and m is more than n but not more than 5), and a modifier or terminal T (where T is at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom) existing on a surface of the layer body; and a metal material at least partially covering the layered material.

A solid electrolytic capacitor element includes an anode foil that includes a porous part in a surface layer of the anode foil, a dielectric layer,and a cathode part. The cathode part includes a solid electrolyte layer that covers the at least a part of the dielectric layer and a cathode lead-out layer that covers at least a part of the solid electrolyte layer. The anode foil includes a first part that is a cathode forming part where the solid electrolyte layer is formed and a second part where the solid electrolyte layer is not formed. And the anode foil includes a dense part in the surface layer in at least one of the first part and the second part. The dense part has a porosity smaller than a porosity of the porous part. The second part includes at least an anode part including an end part of the anode foil opposite to the first part.

A solid electrolytic capacitor element includes an anode foil that includes a porous part in a surface layer of the anode foil, a dielectric layer,and a cathode part. The cathode part includes a solid electrolyte layer that covers the at least a part of the dielectric layer and a cathode lead-out layer that covers at least a part of the solid electrolyte layer. The anode foil includes a first part that is a cathode forming part where the solid electrolyte layer is formed and a second part where the solid electrolyte layer is not formed. And the anode foil includes a dense part in the surface layer in at least one of the first part and the second part. The dense part has a porosity smaller than a porosity of the porous part. The second part includes at least an anode part including an end part of the anode foil opposite to the first part.

A solid electrolytic capacitor element includes an anode body including a porous part, a dielectric layer, and a cathode part. The cathode part includes a solid electrolyte layer covering the dielectric layer. The anode body includes a first anode body part on which the solid electrolyte layer is disposed and a second anode body part on which the solid electrolyte layer is not disposed. The solid electrolyte layer includes a first solid electrolyte layer disposed in the porous part and a second solid electrolyte layer disposed outside the porous part. When a length of the first anode body part in a longitudinal direction thereof is defined as a length L, a thickness of the second solid electrolyte layer in a first region is more than or equal to 1 μm. The first region is a region between boundary between the first anode body part and the second anode body part and a position located away from boundary in a length 0.05L in the first anode body part.

A solid electrolytic capacitor element includes an anode body including a porous part, a dielectric layer, and a cathode part. The cathode part includes a solid electrolyte layer covering the dielectric layer. The anode body includes a first anode body part on which the solid electrolyte layer is disposed and a second anode body part on which the solid electrolyte layer is not disposed. The solid electrolyte layer includes a first solid electrolyte layer disposed in the porous part and a second solid electrolyte layer disposed outside the porous part. When a length of the first anode body part in a longitudinal direction thereof is defined as a length L, a thickness of the second solid electrolyte layer in a first region is more than or equal to 1 μm. The first region is a region between boundary between the first anode body part and the second anode body part and a position located away from boundary in a length 0.05L in the first anode body part.

An energy storage device includes an electrode assembly formed by winding a negative electrode plate, a separator and the like. An innermost periphery of the negative electrode plate, the separator and the like which are wound together has a flattened shape having a pair of bent portions disposed on opposite sides in a first direction as viewed in a direction of the winding axis, and an end edge of the negative electrode plate on an innermost periphery side is disposed at one bent portion out of the pair of bent portions or a position in the vicinity of the one bent portion.