The hybrid perovskite solar cell with an organoselenium-based polymer hole transport layer includes an optically transparent first electrode layer, an electron transport layer, and a perovskite layer. The electron transport layer is sandwiched between the optically transparent first electrode layer and the perovskite layer. The hybrid perovskite solar cell with an organoselenium-based polymer hole transport layer further includes a hole transport layer and a second electrode layer. The perovskite layer is sandwiched between the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer, and the hole transport layer is sandwiched between the perovskite layer and the second electrode layer. The hole transport layer is formed from an organoselenium-based polymer.

A photoelectric conversion element including: first support; first electrode; electron-transporting layer; photoelectric conversion layer; hole-transporting layer; and second electrode, the hole-transporting layer including polymer including recurring unit of General Formula (1) below and compound of General Formula (2):

##STR00001##

where Ar.sub.1 represents aromatic hydrocarbon, which may have substituent; Ar.sub.2 and Ar.sub.3 each independently represent bivalent group of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, non-condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, or condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which may have substituent; Ar.sub.4 represents bivalent group of benzene, thiophene, biphenyl, anthracene, or naphthalene, which may have substituent; R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 each independently represent hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl; and n represents integer that is 2 or more and allows the polymer of General Formula (1) to have weight average molecular weight of 2,000 or more; and

##STR00002##

where R.sub.5 to R.sub.9, which may be identical or different, represent hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, or aryl; and X represents a cation.

The present disclosure relates to devices that include a perovskite, where, when a first condition is met, at least a portion of the perovskite is in a first phase that substantially transmits light, when a second condition is met, at least a portion of the perovskite is in a second phase that substantially absorbs light, and the perovskite is reversibly switchable between the first phase and the second phase by reversibly switching between the first condition and the second condition.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor device comprising a semiconducting material, wherein the semiconducting material comprises a compound comprising: (i) one or more first monocations [A]; (ii) one or more second monocations [B.sup.I]; (iii) one or more trications [B.sup.III]; and (iv) one or more halide anions [X]. The invention also relates to a process for producing a semiconductor device comprising said semiconducting material. Also described is a compound comprising: (i) one or more first monocations [A]; (ii) one or more second monocations [B.sup.I] selected from Cu.sup.+, Ag.sup.+ and Au.sup.+; (iii) one or more trications [B.sup.III]; and (iv) one or more halide anions [X].

Organic-inorganic perovskite nanoparticle compositions are described herein. In some embodiments, a nanoparticle composition comprises a layer of organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals, the organic-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals comprising surfaces associated with ligands of size unable to incorporate into octahedral corner sites of the perovskite crystal structure.

The disclosure provides an efficient and stable inorganic lead-free perovskite solar cell and a method for preparing the same. The solar cell includes a conductive substrate, a PEDOT: PSS layer, an inorganic lead-free CsSnI.sub.3 perovskite layer, a C60 layer, a BCP layer, and a metal counter electrode layer arranged in order from bottom to top, wherein the inorganic lead-free CsSnI.sub.3 perovskite layer is a CsSnI.sub.3 perovskite layer passivated by a thioureas small-molecule organic compound.

This disclosure presents methods for vapor deposition of metal halides involving exposure of substrates to vapors of organometallic copper complexes with halosilane vapors. The methods described herein are advantageous for the production of transparent hole conducting layers, e.g., for perovskite solar cells.

A solar cell system and a flexible solar panel are disclosed herein. The solar cell system includes a glass housing, a set of rows of solar cells each defining a front side and a rear side and arranged within the glass housing. The solar cell system can also include a reflective element disposed in the glass housing and facing the rear side of the set of rows of solar cells and a first terminal coupled to a first end of the set of rows of solar cells, traversing through and sealed against the first end of the glass housing. The solar cell system can be configured with other solar cell systems into the flexible solar panel that is deployable in a wide range of potential applications.

The present disclosure relates to a tandem solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a tandem solar cell having a perovskite solar cell stacked on and bonded to a silicon solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same. According to the present disclosure, a tandem solar cell embodied by using a homojunction silicon solar cell is provided with a first passivation pattern so that a part of an emitter layer under the first passivation pattern is exposed, thereby protecting, by the first passivation pattern, the emitter layer during high temperature firing for forming a second electrode, reducing surface defects of the emitter layer, and reducing a problem in that characteristics of the perovskite solar cell are degraded.

A light-harvesting material comprises a perovskite absorber doped with a metal chalcogenide. The light-harvesting material may be used in a photovoltaic device, comprising (1) a first conductive layer, (2) an optional blocking layer, on the first conductive layer, (3) a semiconductor layer, on the first conductive layer, (4) a light-harvesting material, on the semiconductor layer, (5) a hole transport material, on the light-harvesting material, and (6) a second conductive layer, on the hole transport material.