A composite photovoltaic structure having the following components is illustrated. A first photovoltaic unit is disposed on a transparent substrate, and electrically connected to a second photovoltaic unit in parallel, and the second photovoltaic unit is stacked on the first photovoltaic unit. The first photovoltaic unit is disposed on a second transparent electrode layer, and a first transparent conductive layer is disposed on a top of the first photovoltaic unit and electrically connected to a first transparent electrode layer, and the second photovoltaic unit is disposed on the first transparent conductive layer. A second transparent conductive layer is disposed on the second photovoltaic unit and is electrically connected to the second transparent electrode layer. Thus, the composite photovoltaic structure has a photoelectric reaction area of a significantly improved omnidirectional concentration gain, an efficiently induced current and a low manufacturing cost, without affecting the whole structure thickness.

In an organic/inorganic hybrid photoelectric conversion element, a photoconductor layer including an organic photoconductor material is formed on a laminated film in which a conductive film having translucency and a first titanium oxide layer/a titanium nitride layer are formed in this order on a substrate.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, which comprises a device. The device comprises a solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte comprises a reactive nano silicate precursor. The reactive nano silicate precursor is activated by a functional disturber. The functional disturber has a first end that is reactive with a silica/acid composite gel and a second end capable of transporting an ion.

A solar cell system and a flexible solar panel are disclosed herein. The solar cell system includes a glass housing, a set of rows of solar cells each defining a front side and a rear side and arranged within the glass housing. The solar cell system can also include a reflective element disposed in the glass housing and facing the rear side of the set of rows of solar cells and a first terminal coupled to a first end of the set of rows of solar cells, traversing through and sealed against the first end of the glass housing. The solar cell system can be configured with other solar cell systems into the flexible solar panel that is deployable in a wide range of potential applications.

Optoelectronic devices, such as photovoltaic device and light-emitting diode, are provided. The devices include a quasi two-dimensional layered perovskite material and a passivating agent chemically bonded to the quasi two-dimensional layered perovskite material. The passivating agent includes a phosphine oxide compound. An active material is also provided. The active material includes a quasi two-dimensional perovskite compound having outermost edge(s), and a passivating agent chemically bonded to the outermost edge(s). The passivating agent includes a phosphine oxide compound. Methods for manufacturing the optoelectronics devices and the active material are also provided.

A ferroelectric enhanced solar cell, including a conductive substrate, and a hole blocking layer, a mesoporous nanocrystalline layer, a mesoporous spacer layer and a mesoporous back electrode sequentially deposited in that order on the conductive substrate. The mesopores of at least one of the mesoporous nanocrystalline layer, the mesoporous spacer layer and the mesoporous back electrode are filled with a photoactive material. At least one of the hole blocking layer, the mesoporous nanocrystalline layer and the mesoporous spacer layer includes a ferroelectric material or a ferroelectric nanocomposite.

A dye-sensitized solar cell includes: a transparent electrode; a power generation layer on the first main surface of the transparent electrode, including a semiconductor layer, a photosensitizing dye and an electrolyte layer; a counter electrode on the main surface of the power generation layer, having an electrode extraction region, wherein at least a part of the side surfaces of the counter electrode and at least a part of the side surfaces of the power generation layer are positioned coplanar, the electrode extraction region of the counter electrode overlaps with at least a part of the main surface of the power generation layer in a top view, and the side surfaces of the power generation layer are covered with a sealing layer formed extending from one of the transparent electrode and the counter electrode to the other.

A photoelectric conversion element including: a first electrode; a photoelectric conversion layer; and a second electrode, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer includes an electron-transporting layer and a hole-transporting layer, the electron-transporting layer includes a lithium ion, the hole-transporting layer includes an organic hole-transporting material and a lithium salt, and lithium included in the electron-transporting layer is more than lithium included in the hole-transporting layer.

Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, hybrid solar cell-batteries, and other such devices may include an active layer disposed between two electrodes, the active layer having perovskite material and other material such as mesoporous material, interfacial layers, thin-coat interfacial layers, and combinations thereof. The perovskite material may be photoactive. The perovskite material may be disposed between two or more other materials in the photovoltaic device. Inclusion of these materials in various arrangements within an active layer of a photovoltaic device may improve device performance. Other materials may be included to further improve device performance, such as, for example: additional perovskites, and additional interfacial layers.

Described herein is an ink solution, comprising a composition of formula (I): ABX.sub.3(I), wherein A comprises at least one cation selected from the group consisting of methylammonium, tetramethylammonium, formamidinium, cesium, rubidium, potassium, sodium, butylammonium, phenethylammonium, phenylammonium, and guanidinium; B comprises at least one divalent metal; and X is at least one halide; and a mixed solvent system comprising two or more solvents selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, γ-butyrolactone, 2-methoxyethanol, and acetonitrile. Methods for producing poly-crystalline perovskite films using the ink solutions described herein and the use of the films in photovoltaic and photoactive applications are additionally described.