A solar cell device having a solid state light absorber region that incorporates a donor-acceptor particle structure. The particle structure includes acceptor particles that generate a flow of electrons in the solid state light absorber region in response to absorbed photons; and donor particles comprising a phosphorescent material, wherein each donor particle is coupled to a group of acceptor particles, and wherein the phosphorescent material absorbs high energy photons and emits lower energy photons that are absorbed by the acceptor particles.

A field effect transistor having a channel that comprises three-dimensional graphene foam. The subject matter of the invention concerns a three dimensional field-effect transistor having a channel based on graphene foam and the use of ionic liquid as a gate. The graphene foam is made of a three-dimensional network of single and double layer graphene that extends in all the three dimensions. Metal contacts on either end of the graphene foam form the drain and source contacts of the transistor.

The present invention discloses an isodiketopyrrolopyrrole dye and use thereof. A series of pure organic dye based on isodiketopyrrolopyrrole are synthesized in the present invention, using 4,4′-dihexyloxytriphenylamine as an electron donor, isodiketopyrrolopyrrole as a π-bridge, and cyanoacetic acid as an electron acceptor and an anchoring group, and with a alkyl chain introduced on an isodiketopyrrolopyrrole group. The types of dyes have a relatively good light-harvesting performance as well as a relatively large steric hindrance, and they are not easy to gather while being absorbed on a semiconducting film. The pure organic dye with isodiketopyrrolopyrrole as an electronic π-bridge, which is used in a dye-sensitized solar cell, has a good ability of inhibiting the recombination of electrons, and the dye-sensitized solar cells have a high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

The present invention generally relates to artificial photosystems and methods of their use, for example in artificial photosynthesis, wherein the artificial photosystems comprise one or more light-harvesting antenna (LHA) comprising a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) complex (CPEC) comprising a donor CPE and an acceptor CPE, wherein the donor CPE and acceptor CPE are an electronic energy transfer (EET) donor/acceptor pair.

Optoelectronic devices, such as photovoltaic device and light-emitting diode, are provided. The devices include a quasi two-dimensional layered perovskite material and a passivating agent chemically bonded to the quasi two-dimensional layered perovskite material. The passivating agent includes a phosphine oxide compound. An active material is also provided. The active material includes a quasi two-dimensional perovskite compound having outermost edge(s), and a passivating agent chemically bonded to the outermost edge(s). The passivating agent includes a phosphine oxide compound. Methods for manufacturing the optoelectronics devices and the active material are also provided.

A transparent electrode with a transparent substrate and a composite layer disposed thereon, wherein the composite layer includes a graphene layer and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the graphene layer and extend through a thickness of the graphene layer, and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are in direct contact with the transparent substrate and a gap is present between the graphene layer and the transparent substrate.

A fabrication method for a flexible bifacial dye-sensitized solar cell is described. The method involves forming a flexible counter electrode of crystalline Pt nanoparticles on a first conductive layer by irradiating a precursor solution with a UV lamp. A flexible photoanode is formed by applying metal oxide particles to a second conductive layer, and then the solar cell is constructed by sandwiching an electrolyte between the counter electrode and photoanode.

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic device (1). The device comprises a solar cell unit (2) comprising a porous light-absorbing layer (3) at a top side (2a), of a porous first conducting layer (4), a porous substrate (5) of an insulating material. The solar cell unit comprises a conducting medium. The photovoltaic device comprises a first conductor (7) in electrical contact with the first conducting layer (4), a second conductor (8) in electrical contact with the second conducting layer (6), and an encapsulation (9) encapsulating the solar cell unit. The encapsulation comprises a top sheet (9a) and a bottom sheet (9b). The first and second conductors (7, 8) are arranged between the encapsulation (9) and the solar cell unit (2) at the bottom side (2b) of the solar cell unit (2). The second conductor (8) is arranged between the second conducting layer (6) and the bottom sheet (9b) of the encapsulation (9), and the first conductor (7) is arranged between the porous substrate (5) and the bottom sheet (9b). The first conductor (7) is electrically insulated from the second conducting layer (6). A part (14) of the porous substrate (5) comprises conducting material (12) disposed between the first conductor (7) and the first conducting layer (4) to provide electrical contact between the first conductor and the first conducting layer.

A photoelectric conversion element including: a first electrode; a perovskite layer; a hole-transporting layer; and a second electrode, wherein the hole-transporting layer includes a compound represented by General Formula (1) or (1a) below;

##STR00001## where M represents an alkali metal; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2, which may be identical to or different from each other, each represent at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, a sulphonyl group, and a sulfinyl group; and X.sub.3 represents at least one selected from the group consisting of a bivalent alkyl group, an alkenyl group, and an aryl group, and a hydrogen atom of the bivalent alkyl group, the alkenyl group, and the aryl group may be substituted with a halogen atom;

##STR00002## where M.sup.+ represents an organic cation; and X.sub.1, X.sub.2, and X.sub.3 have the same meanings as X.sub.1, X.sub.2, and X.sub.3 in the General Formula (1).

The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell including a light absorbing layer (1), a first conducting layer (2) for extracting photo-generated electrons from the light absorbing layer, a counter electrode including a second conducting layer (3), a porous insulating layer (5b) disposed between the first and second conducting layers, and a conducting medium for transferring charges between the counter electrode and the working electrode. The solar cell further comprises a third conducting layer (6b) disposed between the porous insulating layer (5b) and the second conducting layer (3) and in electrical contact with the second conducting layer, and the third conducting layer includes a porous substrate (8) made of an insulating material and conducting particles accommodated in the pores of the porous substrate and forming a conducting network (9) through the insulating material.