Provided herein are dyes, dye-sensitized solar cells, and sequential series multijunction dye-sensitized solar cell devices. The dyes include an electron deficient acceptor moiety, a medium electron density π-bridge moiety, and an electron rich donor moiety comprising a biaryl, a substituted biaryl, or an R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 substituted phenyl where each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 independently comprises H, aryl, multiaryl, alkyl substituted aryl, alkoxy substituted aryl, alkyl substituted multiaryl, alkoxy substituted multiaryl, OR.sup.4, N(R.sup.5).sub.2, or a combination thereof; each R.sup.4 independently comprises H, alkyl, aryl, alkyl substituted aryl, alkoxy substituted aryl, or a combination thereof; and each R.sup.5 independently comprises aryl, multiaryl, alkyl substituted aryl, alkoxy substituted aryl, alkyl substituted multiaryl, alkoxy substituted multiaryl, or a combination thereof. The solar cells include a glass substrate, a dye-sensitized active layer, and a redox shuttle. The devices include at least two dye-sensitized solar cells connected in series.

The present invention disclosed a squaraine dye of formula (I) and process for the preparation thereof. Further, the present invention disclosed to an electronic device comprising dye of formula (I).

The present application discloses compounds and compositions, useful in the manufacture of dye-sensitized solar cells and other similar technology.

Provided is a solar cell comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, a light-absorbing layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electron transport layer located between the first electrode and the light-absorbing layer. At least one electrode selected from the group consisting of the first electrode and the second electrode has light-transmissive property. The light-absorbing layer contains a perovskite compound represented by a chemical formula ASnX.sub.3 (where A is a monovalent cation and X is a halogen anion). The electron transport layer contains an electron transport material including Ti and Zn. A difference between energy levels of lower ends of conduction bands of the electron transport material and the perovskite compound is less than 0.42 eV.

A dye-sensitized solar cell (100) includes: a first electrode containing first metal oxide particles and including a porous semiconductor layer (16A) carrying dye; a second electrode acting as a counter electrode of the first electrode; and a porous insulating layer (36A) provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, the porous insulating layer (36A)(i) holding an electrolytic solution (42) containing a redox couple and a pyrazole-based compound, and (ii) containing second metal oxide particles.

The present invention relates to a polymer, an organic solar cell comprising the polymer, and a perovskite solar cell comprising the polymer. The polymer according to the present invention has excellent absorption ability for visible light and an energy level suitable for the use as an electron donor compound in a photo-active layer of the organic solar cell, thereby increasing the light conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell. In addition, the polymer according to the present invention has high hole mobility, and is used as a compound for a hole transport layer, and thus can improve efficiency and service life of the perovskite solar cell without an additive.

Described is an integrated device for solar-driven water splitting. The integrated device includes cobalt phosphide (CoP) electrodes, series-connected perovskite solar cells (PSCs) encapsulated in a polymer, and a metal film connecting the CoP electrodes with the series-connected PSCs. Also described is a method for forming an integrated device for solar-driven water splitting.

This disclosure relates to a biosensor, and methods of use thereof, for detecting a target in a sample comprising a photoelectrode comprising a conductive substrate and a photoactive material; a population of capture probes functionalized on the photoelectrode wherein the capture probes are capable of binding to the target and a reporter moiety; and the reporter moiety comprising a detectable label and a capture probe binding portion; wherein exposure of the target to the population of the capture probes results in binding of the target to a fraction of the population which results in a decrease in detection signal intensity compared to the intensity in the absence of the target, and subsequent binding of the reporter moiety to the remaining unbound capture probes results in an increase in detection signal intensity that is less than an increase from the reporter moiety binding to capture probes not exposed to the target.

The present embodiments provide a semiconductor element comprising a first electrode, an active layer, a second electrode comprising a homogeneous metal layer, and further a barrier layer comprising a transparent metal oxide. The barrier layer is placed between the active layer and the second electrode. The present embodiments also provide a method for manufacturing said semiconductor element.

A method for preparing photoactive perovskite materials. The method comprises the steps of: introducing a lead halide and a first solvent to a first vessel and contacting the lead halide with the first solvent to dissolve the lead halide to form a lead halide solution, introducing a Group 1 metal halide a second solvent into a second vessel and contacting the Group 1 metal halide with the second solvent to dissolve the Group 1 metal halide to form a Group 1 metal halide solution, and contacting the lead halide solution with the Group 1 metal halide solution to form a thin-film precursor ink. The method further comprises depositing the thin-film precursor ink onto a substrate, drying the thin-film precursor ink to form a thin film, annealing the thin film; and rinsing the thin film with a salt solution.