Disclosed is a compound having the following formula (I):

##STR00001## as well as to the use of such as a dye sensitizer.

Also disclosed is a dye sensitized solar cell including at least one compound of formula (I) as dye sensitizer.

An organic dye for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) comprising at least one electron-acceptor unit and at least one -conjugated unit is described. Said organic dye is particularly useful in a dye-sensitized photoelectric transformation element which, in its turn, can be used in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).

A photoelectric conversion element includes a conductive support, a photoconductor layer including an electrolyte, a charge transfer layer including an electrolyte, and a counter electrode, in which the photoconductor layer has semiconductor fine particles carrying a metal complex dye represented by a specific formula.

A method for manufacturing an organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell, the method including forming a first electrode, forming a first common layer on the first electrode, forming a first light absorbing layer by applying a first perovskite precursor solution including a first organic halide and a first metal halide on the first common layer, forming a second light absorbing layer by applying a second perovskite precursor solution including a second organic halide on the first light absorbing layer, forming a second common layer on the second light absorbing layer; and forming a second electrode on the second common layer.

The present invention disclosed a squaraine dye of formula (I) and process for the preparation thereof. Further, the present invention disclosed to an electronic device comprising dye of formula (I).

A dye-sensitized solar cell formed by layering a conductive layer; a photoelectric conversion layer in which a dye is adsorbed in a porous semiconductor layer and the layer is filled with a carrier transporting material; and a counter electrode including only a counter electrode conductive layer or including a catalyst layer and a counter electrode conductive layer on a support made of a light transmitting material, in which the photoelectric conversion layer is brought into contact with the counter electrode; the porous semiconductor layer forming the photoelectric conversion layer has two or more layers with different light scattering properties; and the two or more porous semiconductor layers are layered in an order of from a layer with lower light scattering property to a layer with higher light scattering property from a light receiving face side of the dye-sensitized solar cell.

The present specification relates to an organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell including a first electrode, a first light absorbing layer provided on the first electrode, a second light absorbing layer provided on the first light absorbing layer, and a second electrode provided on the second light absorbing layer, in which the first light absorbing layer and the second light absorbing layer have different phase transition temperatures.

The present disclosure relates to a device that includes an active layer and a first charge transport layer, where the first charge transport layer includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer is in contact with the second layer, the second layer is positioned between the first layer and the active layer, the first layer comprises a first carbon nanostructure, and the second layer includes a second carbon nanostructure.

Provided are a photoelectric conversion element including an electrically conductive support, a photoconductor layer, a charge transfer layer, and a counter electrode, in which the photoconductor layer has semiconductor fine particles carrying a metal complex dye represented by Formula (1), and at least one of metal complex dyes represented by Formulae (2) and (3), a dye-sensitized solar cell, a dye composition, and an oxide semiconductor electrode.

##STR00001##

In the formulae, M represents a metal ion. Ar.sup.11 to Ar.sup.14 each represent an aryl group or the like. L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 each represent an ethenylene group or the like. R.sup.11 to R.sup.14 each represent an alkyl group or the like. n.sup.11 and n.sup.12 each represent an integer of 0 to 3, and n.sup.13 and n.sup.14 each represent an integer of 0 to 4. X represents NCS or SCN. M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 each represent a proton, a metal cation, or a non-metal cation.

A solar cell device having a solid state light absorber region that incorporates a donor-acceptor particle structure. The particle structure includes acceptor particles that generate a flow of electrons in the solid state light absorber region in response to absorbed photons; and donor particles comprising a phosphorescent material, wherein each donor particle is coupled to a group of acceptor particles, and wherein the phosphorescent material absorbs high energy photons and emits lower energy photons that are absorbed by the acceptor particles.