Disclosed is a bus stop using a large-scale perovskite solar cell in which a perovskite solar cell is prepared using a hybrid structure including a graphene-carbon nanotube. The bus stop includes a body unit fixed to the ground to maintain the overall shape, a solar cell unit for producing electrical energy from sunlight, and an energy storage system (ESS) for storing the electrical energy produced by the solar cell part.

An optoelectronic module includes a substrate, at least one optoelectronic element provided on a predetermined surface of the substrate, and a spacer disposed farther outward than the optoelectronic element and on the predetermined surface of the substrate, the spacer having a height greater than a thickness of the optoelectronic element. The spacer is disposed to allow for a gap between a member and the optoelectronic element, the spacer being provided in contact with the member, and the optoelectronic element being interposed between the substrate and the member.

A waterproof assembly structure for solar panels arranged in rows and columns with a plurality of longitudinal intervals and lateral intervals therebetween includes a plurality of fastening frames disposed at the longitudinal intervals for fastening the solar panels and a plurality of waterproof frames disposed at the lateral intervals for waterproofing. Each of the waterproof frames includes a cover plate abutting against the solar panels for covering the lateral interval, an extending block provided on the cover plate passing through the lateral interval and a waterproof gasket disposed between the cover plate and the solar panels. A pulling member is connected to the extending block for forcing the cover plate to abut against the solar panels firmly by pulling the extending block.

An aspect of the present disclosure is a method that includes, in a first mixture that includes a metal alkoxide and water, reacting at least a portion of the metal alkoxide and at least a portion of the water to form a second mixture that includes a solid metal oxide phase dispersed in the second mixture, applying the second mixture onto a surface of a device that includes an intervening layer adjacent to a perovskite layer such that the intervening layer is between the second mixture and perovskite layer, and treating the second mixture, such that the solid metal oxide phase is transformed to a first solid metal oxide layer such that the intervening layer is positioned between the first solid metal oxide layer and the perovskite layer.

A package structure of electronic modules includes two substrates and a sealing frame. The sealing frame comprises two first silicone frames, a second silicone frame and two crystalline interfaces. The sealing frame is disposed between and within the two substrates to form a space thereof. The sealing frame serves as an excellent moisture barrier of the package structure due to the intrinsic properties of silicone. Meanwhile, the silicone can withstand the corrosion of the polar solvents and/or the plasticizers. A manufacturing method of the package structure is disclosed in this invention as well.

A lateral window for a public transportation vehicle has a first transparent panel, a second transparent panel spaced apart from the first transparent panel, and a window frame for supporting the first transparent panel and the second transparent panel. An inner space filled a transparent photovoltaic gel is defined between the first and second transparent panels and the window frame. A filling arrangement is provided for filling the inner space between the first transparent panel and second transparent panel with the photovoltaic gel.

In various embodiments, photovoltaic modules are hermetically sealed by providing a first glass sheet, a photovoltaic device disposed on the first glass sheet, and a second glass sheet, a gap being defined between the first and second glass sheets, disposing a glass powder within the gap, and heating the powder to seal the glass sheets.

A photoelectric conversion element comprises: a photoelectric conversion layer; a first compound layer including a first supporting member and a first compound, the first compound being supported by the first supporting member, being not in contact with the photoelectric conversion layer, and being liquid or gelatinous in an environment to use the element; and a second compound layer including a second supporting member and a second compound, the second compound being supported by the second supporting member, being not in contact with the photoelectric conversion layer and the first compound, and being liquid or gelatinous in the environment.

Disclosed is a photoelectric conversion element including a cell. The cell includes an electrode substrate, a counter substrate, an oxide semiconductor layer provided on the electrode substrate, an electrolyte provided between the electrode substrate and the counter substrate, and an annular sealing portion joining the electrode substrate and the counter substrate. The layer includes a main body portion provided inside the sealing portion and on the electrode substrate and extending straight from the electrode substrate toward the counter substrate, and a protruding portion which protrudes from the main body portion toward the sealing portion and does not come into contact with the electrode substrate. A width of a second surface of the layer facing the counter substrate is longer than a width of a first surface which is a boundary surface between the layer and the electrode substrate in a cross section along a thickness direction of the layer.

A solar cell module (100) includes: one or more cells that are enclosed by a barrier packaging material (13A, 13B) and that include first and second base plates (3, 7) and a functional layer; and first and second lead-out electrodes (11A, 11B) that are respectively connected to electrodes (2, 6) disposed at the sides of the respective base plates (3, 7) via electrical connectors (12A, 12B). The electrical connectors (12A, 12B) are separated from the functional layer in a base plate surface direction. The barrier packaging material (13A, 13B) includes lead-out electrode exposing parts (16A, 16B) in an outer surface aligned with the base plate surface direction. These lead-out electrode exposing parts (16A, 16B) are sealed by an exposing part seal (15). The lead-out electrode exposing parts (16A, 16B) and the electrical connectors (12A, 12B) are separated in the base plate surface direction.