A power system adapted for supplying power in a high temperature environment is disclosed. The power system includes a rechargeable energy storage that is operable in a temperature range of between about seventy degrees Celsius and about two hundred and fifty degrees Celsius coupled to a circuit for at least one of supplying power from the energy storage and charging the energy storage; wherein the energy storage is configured to store between about one one hundredth (0.01) of a joule and about one hundred megajoules of energy, and to provide peak power of between about one one hundredth (0.01) of a watt and about one hundred megawatts, for at least two charge-discharge cycles. Methods of use and fabrication are provided. Embodiments of additional features of the power supply are included.

A power system adapted for supplying power in a high temperature environment is disclosed. The power system includes a rechargeable energy storage that is operable in a temperature range of between about seventy degrees Celsius and about two hundred and fifty degrees Celsius coupled to a circuit for at least one of supplying power from the energy storage and charging the energy storage; wherein the energy storage is configured to store between about one one hundredth (0.01) of a joule and about one hundred megajoules of energy, and to provide peak power of between about one one hundredth (0.01) of a watt and about one hundred megawatts, for at least two charge-discharge cycles. Methods of use and fabrication are provided. Embodiments of additional features of the power supply are included.

Disclosed herein is a composite material that is formed from a polymer, acetylated collagen and graphene, which can be used as a super-capacitor material. Also disclosed herein are methods of making said composite material and its intermediates, as well as a supercapacitor made using said material.

Disclosed herein is a composite material that is formed from a polymer, acetylated collagen and graphene, which can be used as a super-capacitor material. Also disclosed herein are methods of making said composite material and its intermediates, as well as a supercapacitor made using said material.

An electricity storage device includes a negative electrode having a layered structure that includes an organic backbone layer containing an aromatic compound having an aromatic ring structure, the aromatic compound being in the form of dicarboxylate anions, and an alkali metal element layer containing an alkali metal element coordinated with oxygen in the dicarboxylate anions to form a backbone, a positive electrode that provides electric double-layer capacity, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution provided between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, the nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing an alkali metal salt. The layered structure may be provided in layers by a π-electron interaction of the aromatic compound and may have a monoclinic crystal structure belonging to the space group P2.sub.1/c. The positive electrode may contain activated carbon having a specific surface area of 1,000 m.sup.2/g or more.

An electricity storage device includes a negative electrode having a layered structure that includes an organic backbone layer containing an aromatic compound having an aromatic ring structure, the aromatic compound being in the form of dicarboxylate anions, and an alkali metal element layer containing an alkali metal element coordinated with oxygen in the dicarboxylate anions to form a backbone, a positive electrode that provides electric double-layer capacity, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution provided between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, the nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing an alkali metal salt. The layered structure may be provided in layers by a π-electron interaction of the aromatic compound and may have a monoclinic crystal structure belonging to the space group P2.sub.1/c. The positive electrode may contain activated carbon having a specific surface area of 1,000 m.sup.2/g or more.

An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonaceous material used for an electric double layer capacitor having a high electrostatic capacity and capable of maintaining the high electrostatic capacity and energy density over a long period and a method for producing the same. The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material having a specific surface area of 1,200 m.sup.2/g to 1,800 m.sup.2/g according to a BET method, an R-value of 1.2 or more and a G-band half-value width of 70 cm.sup.−1 or more according to a Raman spectrum.

An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonaceous material used for an electric double layer capacitor having a high electrostatic capacity and capable of maintaining the high electrostatic capacity and energy density over a long period and a method for producing the same. The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material having a specific surface area of 1,200 m.sup.2/g to 1,800 m.sup.2/g according to a BET method, an R-value of 1.2 or more and a G-band half-value width of 70 cm.sup.−1 or more according to a Raman spectrum.

A system and method are provided to create porous surface coatings. In use, a material layer includes synthesized carbon-containing composite materials, wherein the synthesized carbon-containing composite materials comprise a porosity characteristic, and at least one of: heat transfer characteristics, resistance to corrosion characteristics, or non-ablative erosion characteristics. Additionally, a bonding layer comprising at least some of the synthesized carbon-containing composite materials is bonded by at least one of, a carbon-to-carbon bond, or a metal-to-carbon bond to a substrate. Further, a surface interfacial layer comprising at least some of the synthesized carbon-containing composite materials is hydraulically smooth.

Provided are methods for synthesizing a graphene gel. In embodiments, such a method comprises flowing a graphene oxide composition comprising graphene oxide and a solvent, the solvent having a boiling point higher than pure water, through a reaction chamber under conditions to deoxygenate the graphene oxide and induce gelation to form a graphene gel suspended in the solvent and flowing through the reaction chamber.