A capacitor is described. A casing for the capacitor comprises a container having a face wall joined to a surrounding sidewall extending to a annular edge defining an open end of the container. An inwardly extending protrusion is located intermediate the face wall and the annular edge at the container open end. A partition plate is supported on the protrusion to thereby provide a first capacitor enclosure bounded by the face wall, the surrounding sidewall and the partition plate. A cover plate is secured to the annular edge to close the open end of the container and provide a second capacitor enclosure bounded by the partition plate, the surrounding sidewall and the cover plate. An anode, for example of tantalum, and a cathode active material, for example of ruthenium oxide, reside in capacitive association with each other inside each of the first and second capacitor enclosures. A working electrolyte is also contained in the capacitor enclosures. Finally, leads extend from each anode through insulative seals structures supported by the casing for making electrical connection to the capacitor.

A capacitor is described. A casing for the capacitor comprises a container having a face wall joined to a surrounding sidewall extending to a annular edge defining an open end of the container. An inwardly extending protrusion is located intermediate the face wall and the annular edge at the container open end. A partition plate is supported on the protrusion to thereby provide a first capacitor enclosure bounded by the face wall, the surrounding sidewall and the partition plate. A cover plate is secured to the annular edge to close the open end of the container and provide a second capacitor enclosure bounded by the partition plate, the surrounding sidewall and the cover plate. An anode, for example of tantalum, and a cathode active material, for example of ruthenium oxide, reside in capacitive association with each other inside each of the first and second capacitor enclosures. A working electrolyte is also contained in the capacitor enclosures. Finally, leads extend from each anode through insulative seals structures supported by the casing for making electrical connection to the capacitor.

An electrochemical cell includes solid-state, printable anode layer, cathode layer and non-aqueous gel electrolyte layer coupled to the anode layer and cathode layer. The electrolyte layer provides physical separation between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and comprises a composition configured to provide ionic communication between the anode layer and cathode layer by facilitating transmission of multivalent ions between the anode layer and the cathode layer.

An electrochemical cell includes solid-state, printable anode layer, cathode layer and non-aqueous gel electrolyte layer coupled to the anode layer and cathode layer. The electrolyte layer provides physical separation between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and comprises a composition configured to provide ionic communication between the anode layer and cathode layer by facilitating transmission of multivalent ions between the anode layer and the cathode layer.

The present invention is a lithium-phosphorus-based composite oxide/carbon composite used for a positive electrode active material of an electrochemical device, including lithium-phosphorus-based composite oxide with the surface being coated with carbon, wherein the lithium-phosphorus-based composite oxide/carbon composite has elutable fluoride ions, which are eluted to an elute from the composite dispersed to ultrapure water, in a mass ratio of 500 ppm or more and 15000 ppm or less in comparison with the lithium-phosphorus-based composite oxide/carbon composite, and the lithium-phosphorus-based composite oxide has a composition of the following general formula (1):

Li.sub.1-xFe.sub.1-zM.sub.zPO.sub.4-aF.sub.a(−0.1≦x<1,0≦z≦1,0≦a≦4)  (1)

(wherein, M represents one or more kinds of metal element selected from the group of Mn, Ni, Co, V, Cr, Al, Nb, Ti, Cu, and Zn). This provides a lithium-phosphorus-based composite oxide/carbon composite that gives higher charge/discharge capacity when it is used as a positive electrode active material of an electrochemical device even though a trivalent-containing raw material is used.

An electrically conductive porous composite composed of an expanded microsphere matrix binding a material composition having electrical conductivity properties to form an electrically conductive porous composite is disclosed herein. An energy storage device incorporating the electrically conductive porous composite is also disclosed herein.

A mixed conductor, a method of preparing the same, and a cathode, a lithium-air battery, and an electrochemical device each including the mixed conductor. The mixed conductor is represented by Formula 1 and having electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity:

Li.sub.xMO.sub.2-δ  Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, M is a Group 4 element, a Group 5 element, a Group 6 element, a Group 7 element, a Group 8 element, a Group 10 element, a Group 11 element, a Group 12 element, or a combination thereof, and 0<x<1 and 0≤δ≤1 are satisfied.

An integrated energy storage device is provided that includes a supercapacitor and a battery surrounding the supercapacitor. The battery forms a shell around an exterior surface of the supercapacitor. The battery includes a first anode, a first cathode, and an electrolyte disposed between the first anode and the first cathode. The supercapacitor includes a second anode, a second cathode, and a separator disposed between the second anode and the second cathode.

An integrated energy storage device is provided that includes a supercapacitor and a battery surrounding the supercapacitor. The battery forms a shell around an exterior surface of the supercapacitor. The battery includes a first anode, a first cathode, and an electrolyte disposed between the first anode and the first cathode. The supercapacitor includes a second anode, a second cathode, and a separator disposed between the second anode and the second cathode.

An energy bank is provided that includes a plurality of integrated energy storage devices comprising a plurality of supercapacitors, a plurality of batteries and a plurality of metal shells. Each of the integrated energy storage devices comprises a supercapacitor, a battery surrounding the supercapacitor and a metal shell surrounding the battery. The battery forms a shell around an exterior surface of the supercapacitor. The battery includes a first anode, a first cathode, and an electrolyte disposed between the first anode and the first cathode. The supercapacitor includes a second anode, a second cathode, and a separator disposed between the second anode and the second cathode.