An electrolyte solution containing: a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.101 to R.sup.103 are each independently a C1-C5 organic group optionally containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a hetero atom and an unsaturated bond, and R.sup.101 to R.sup.103 form no ring.

A multi-material electrode device is disclosed. The multi-material electrode device includes a first electrode, a dielectric material coupled to the first electrode, and a second electrode coupled to the dielectric material. In the multi-material electrode device, the first electrode and the second electrode do not include the same material.

An electrolytic solution comprising N-(fluorosulfonyl)-N-(fluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide or di(fluorosulfonyl)imide, from which a residual solvent that affects the properties of the electrolyte solution material is reduced, is provided. A method for producing an electrolyte solution material containing fluorosulfonyl imide salt represented by the following general formula (1) and an electrolyte solution preparation solvent comprises decompressing and/or heating a solution containing the fluorosulfonyl imide salt and the electrolyte solution preparation solvent to volatilize a production solvent for the fluorosulfonyl imide salt. ##STR00001##
In general formula (1), R.sub.1 represents a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 represents an alkali metal ion.

An electrolytic solution comprising N-(fluorosulfonyl)-N-(fluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide or di(fluorosulfonyl)imide, from which a residual solvent that affects the properties of the electrolyte solution material is reduced, is provided. A method for producing an electrolyte solution material containing fluorosulfonyl imide salt represented by the following general formula (1) and an electrolyte solution preparation solvent comprises decompressing and/or heating a solution containing the fluorosulfonyl imide salt and the electrolyte solution preparation solvent to volatilize a production solvent for the fluorosulfonyl imide salt. ##STR00001##
In general formula (1), R.sub.1 represents a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 represents an alkali metal ion.

A supercondenser includes at least two electrodes separated by at least one separator having a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and at least one electrolyte, and relative production process. The supercondenser is flexible, biodegradable, and biocompatible, and can be made with reduced manufacturing costs and can be integrated, for example, in electronic devices that must be used inside biological organisms.

A supercondenser includes at least two electrodes separated by at least one separator having a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and at least one electrolyte, and relative production process. The supercondenser is flexible, biodegradable, and biocompatible, and can be made with reduced manufacturing costs and can be integrated, for example, in electronic devices that must be used inside biological organisms.

The present disclosure relates to the synthesis and evaluation of difluorophosphate additives for use in energy storage devices. The difluorophosphate additive may be selected from the group consisting of lithium difluorophosphate (LFO), sodium difluorophosphate (NaFO), ammonium difluorophosphate (AFO), tetramethylammonium difluorophosphate (MAFO), potassium difluorophosphate (KFO), and combinations thereof. In some instances, the difluorophosphate additive is not lithium difluorophosphate (LFO).

An electrochemical device includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, and an electrolytic solution. The positive electrode active material contains a conductive polymer, and the conductive polymer is configured to be doped and dedoped with anions. The electrolytic solution contains (a) a first salt of a lithium ion and a first anion and (b) a second salt of a lithium ion and a second anion. The first anion is a bis(sulfonyl)imide anion containing fluorine.

An electrochemical device includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, and an electrolytic solution. The positive electrode active material contains a conductive polymer, and the conductive polymer is configured to be doped and dedoped with anions. The electrolytic solution contains (a) a first salt of a lithium ion and a first anion and (b) a second salt of a lithium ion and a second anion. The first anion is a bis(sulfonyl)imide anion containing fluorine.

An electrolyte solution containing a compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.101 and R.sup.102 are the same as or different from each other and are each a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group optionally containing a fluorine atom; and R.sup.103 is an alkyl group or an organic group containing an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond. Also disclosed is an electrochemical device and lithium ion secondary battery including the electrolyte solution, and a module including the electrochemical device or lithium ion secondary battery.