A smart ball-machine uses artificial intelligence to train a player or to play with a player. For example, the ball-machine can adjust the tennis ball speed, topspin, bounce according to the player's successful ball return rate. The ball-machine can be preconfigured with a profile of a player. For example, the ball-machine may download a complete profile of a tennis player from a game recording, or may download a file with a customized profile of a player to train a player using the ball-machine. The ball-machine is equipped with a plurality of wheels, motors, and shafts to provide a fully customizable launch of one or more balls. For example, the ball can be launched from the machine from one side of a tennis court to another side of a tennis court with a variety of speeds, trajectories, topspin, bounce etc.

A golf ball comprising an electrical component is disclosed herein. The electrical component comprises an integrated circuit having a gyroscope, a magnetometer, and a BLUETOOTH low energy (BTLE) radio, and at least one battery. A body is composed of an epoxy material, and the body encompasses the electrical component.

A golf game system comprising: a golf simulator, the golf simulator comprising a plurality of virtual tee boxes adjacent to or on a virtual fairway; an outdoor shortened golf hole programmed into the golf simulator located on or near the outdoor shortened golf hole, the outdoor golf hole comprising: fairway landing area; rough landing areas; an approach area adjacent to the fairway landing area; a green adjacent to the approach area; a cup in the green; a plurality of mats located on the landing areas; where the golf simulator is configured to allow a player simulate a drive of a golf ball out of a simulated tee box onto the landing area, and the golf simulator calculates where on the landing area the ball should be placed after the drive, and the golf simulator informs the player where to place the ball on the landing area. A golf game system that assigns a precisely matched tee locations based on golfer swing data and is not limited to a select number of predetermined tee boxes. A golf system that allows a player to play the golf course with modified golf ball speed, golf ball side spin and golf swing path to better match a golfer's skill level to the golf course being played on and/or a golfer's playing partners.

A golf swing training apparatus includes a handle assembly, a flexible neck and a head assembly flexibly coupled to the handle assembly with the flexible neck. The head assembly has a frame assembly and a weight assembly flexibly coupled within the frame assembly with a plurality of weight supports with specific levels of elasticity.

A mixed reality golf simulation and training system that can use, along with a user's existing standard golf equipment, a golf ball launch monitor to track the initial ball positional data, spin and acceleration, and simulate the complete ball path and location or use complete ball tracking data and displays the actual ball path and location. Mixed reality glasses allow the display of ball tracking data over the real world view and/or an immersive display of a simulated world view, depending on the user's head or view position. Golf simulation graphical views can include various options, including simulated or panoramic photographic views of a golf course, simulated graphics and data superimposed over a real world driving range view, or simple ball tracking data superimposed over a real world view at any location.

A launch monitor that generates three dimensional images to accurately measure movement of golf objects. In an aspect, the launch monitor can utilize stereographic camera systems to capture images from which three dimensional images can be generated. In an aspect, the launch monitor can utilize light-field camera systems to capture images of the golf objects. In an aspect, the camera systems can capture images in color.

A method and a device for measuring a tangential reaction force of a resistance device on a flywheel, and the reaction force multiply the radius of the flywheel to obtain a torque, such that the torque multiply a gear ratio is the torque to overcome the resistance of flywheel on the drivetrain. The torque to overcome the resistance of flywheel on the drivetrain adding a torque to overcome the inertia of the flywheel and mechanical friction under the state of no resistance is the total torque presented on the drivetrain. Such that using the total torque to calculate power and energy consumption.

An electronic golf aid system for assisting users with reading greens on golf courses includes a camera that captures images of the user's field of view, and an electronic display device with a display screen that displays captured images. A processor, which communicates with the camera and display device, is programmed to: receive signals from the camera indicative of images of a golf ball and a cup on the green; determine respective locations for the golf ball and cup; determine a perspective view of the topology of the green between the golf ball and cup from the user's point of view; determine, based on the green's topology, a proposed trajectory line from the golf ball's location to the cup's location; and direct the electronic display device to display the proposed trajectory line superimposed on the surface of the green as the green is shown in real-time on the display screen.

A mixed reality sport simulation and training system that can use, along with a user's existing standard sports equipment, a launch monitor to track the initial positional data, spin and acceleration of a sport object, and simulate the complete object path and location or use complete object tracking data and displays the actual object path and location. Mixed reality glasses allow the display of object tracking data over the real world view and/or an immersive display of a simulated world view, depending on the user's head or view position. Sport simulation graphical views can include various options, including simulated or panoramic photographic views of a sports field, court, etc., simulated graphics and data superimposed over a real world view, or simple object tracking data superimposed over a real world view at any location.

A ball identification error analysis system and method is described. The illustrative ball identification error analysis system includes a plurality of balls, a plurality of bays, and a plurality of targets. The plurality of bays is communicatively coupled to a tracking module. The tracking module is configured to determine a list of balls having a first probability of arriving at the target from the list of balls hit during the time period that have not been read by any one of the plurality of ball readers. The tracking module is further configured to determine a list of balls having a second probability of arriving at the target from the list of balls hit during the time period that have not been read by any one of the plurality of ball readers. The system associates the greater of the first probability and the second probability with hitting the target.