A direct-current circuit breaker includes a circuit breaker unit and a circuit unit that generates an oscillating current. The circuit unit includes a capacitor and a reactor, a high-speed closer, and a lightning arrester. The circuit breaker unit and the high-speed closer are aligned in a first direction with a distance therebetween that is equal to or longer than a certain spatial distance. The capacitor and the lightning arrester are aligned in a second direction intersecting the first direction with a distance therebetween that is equal to or longer than the spatial distance. A combination of the circuit breaker unit with the high-speed closer and a combination of the capacitor with the lightning arrester are aligned in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction with a distance therebetween that is equal to or longer than the spatial distance.

A disconnector to reduce considerably high voltage and high frequency current generated during the service no-load opening and closing, the disconnector comprising a first main contact a second main contact, a sliding contact and an arcing horn having a length, the disconnector having a connected state, an intermediate state and a disconnected state, wherein in the connected state a first electrical contact is established between the first main contact and the second main contact, in the intermediate state the first electrical contact is interrupted while a second electrical contact exists between the sliding contact and a contact position on the length of the arcing horn, and in the disconnected state the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are interrupted, wherein at least a part of the length of the arcing horn comprises an electrical filter configured to provide a resistance and an inductance to an electrical current.

A disconnector to reduce considerably high voltage and high frequency current generated during the service no-load opening and closing, the disconnector comprising a first main contact a second main contact, a sliding contact and an arcing horn having a length, the disconnector having a connected state, an intermediate state and a disconnected state, wherein in the connected state a first electrical contact is established between the first main contact and the second main contact, in the intermediate state the first electrical contact is interrupted while a second electrical contact exists between the sliding contact and a contact position on the length of the arcing horn, and in the disconnected state the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are interrupted, wherein at least a part of the length of the arcing horn comprises an electrical filter configured to provide a resistance and an inductance to an electrical current.

A charging protection and regulation device includes a matrix of Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) devices having multiple legs each including one or more PTC devices, a matrix of diodes having multiple legs and multiple types of diodes having different voltage drops, and a matrix of resistors having multiple legs each including a current limiting resistor. Each PTC device is thermally coupled to an ambient environment using a different amount of thermal coupling. Respective legs of the matrix of PTC devices, matrix of diodes, and matrix of resistors are electrically coupled together, and coupled to one or more electron storage devices. During conditions of overload or circuit fault, the PTC devices act as high resistance circuit interrupters. During conditions of light loading between input and output terminals, the different voltage drops across the diodes provide voltage regulation/current regulation such that a specified charge voltage is provided to electron storage devices.

A direct-current circuit breaker includes a circuit breaker unit and a circuit unit that generates an oscillating current. The circuit unit includes a capacitor and a reactor, a high-speed closer, and a lightning arrester. The circuit breaker unit and the high-speed closer are aligned in a first direction with a distance therebetween that is equal to or longer than a certain spatial distance. The capacitor and the lightning arrester are aligned in a second direction intersecting the first direction with a distance therebetween that is equal to or longer than the spatial distance. A combination of the circuit breaker unit with the high-speed closer and a combination of the capacitor with the lightning arrester are aligned in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction with a distance therebetween that is equal to or longer than the spatial distance.

A charging protection and regulation device includes a matrix of Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) devices having multiple legs each including one or more PTC devices, a matrix of diodes having multiple legs and multiple types of diodes having different voltage drops, and a matrix of resistors having multiple legs each including a current limiting resistor. Each PTC device is thermally coupled to an ambient environment using a different amount of thermal coupling. Respective legs of the matrix of PTC devices, matrix of diodes, and matrix of resistors are electrically coupled together, and coupled to one or more electron storage devices. During conditions of overload or circuit fault, the PTC devices act as high resistance circuit interrupters. During conditions of light loading between input and output terminals, the different voltage drops across the diodes provide voltage regulation/current regulation such that a specified charge voltage is provided to electron storage devices.

A circuit breaker having at least one capacitor assembly connected in parallel across a contact of the circuit breaker. The capacitor assembly can be housed with the contact within a sealed enclosure of the circuit breaker. The enclosure can be configured to house an insulating medium that is configured to reduce or quench an arc(s) that may form at least when the contact of the circuit breaker is displaced from a closed position to an open position. The capacitor assembly, which includes a transient recovery voltage (TRV) capacitor, can be configured to delay terminal fault and short line fault TRV and the rate of rise of the initial TRV (ITRV) that can appear across the open contact of the circuit breaker.

A circuit breaker having at least one capacitor assembly connected in parallel across a contact of the circuit breaker. The capacitor assembly can be housed with the contact within a sealed enclosure of the circuit breaker. The enclosure can be configured to house an insulating medium that is configured to reduce or quench an arc(s) that may form at least when the contact of the circuit breaker is displaced from a closed position to an open position. The capacitor assembly, which includes a transient recovery voltage (TRV) capacitor, can be configured to delay terminal fault and short line fault TRV and the rate of rise of the initial TRV (ITRV) that can appear across the open contact of the circuit breaker.

An arrangement and a method have precisely one resistor stack for switching high voltages. The arrangement contains a switching device that has two contact devices, which are arranged in an insulator. The contact devices are separated from each other by a separation path, wherein the separation path can be bridged by a movable contact piece. One contact device is in contact with the resistor stack in a common housing. The common housing is formed by a direct coating of the resistor stack and the insulator.

An arrangement and a method have precisely one resistor stack for switching high voltages. The arrangement contains a switching device that has two contact devices, which are arranged in an insulator. The contact devices are separated from each other by a separation path, wherein the separation path can be bridged by a movable contact piece. One contact device is in contact with the resistor stack in a common housing. The common housing is formed by a direct coating of the resistor stack and the insulator.