Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture for measuring and adjusting physical resistance for athletic activities and fitness equipment are disclosed. An example system includes a user-wearable sensor to measure a first level of physical effort during a first athletic activity using fitness equipment and to generate sensor data indicative of the measured first level of physical effort. The example system also includes a controller to receive the sensor data to perform a comparison of the sensor data and data from second athletic activity indicative of a second level of physical effort, and automatically generate a control signal to adjust a setting of the fitness equipment based on the comparison.

A system and method for measuring and normalizing physical resistance for athletic activities and fitness equipment are disclosed. A particular embodiment includes: measuring a level of physical resistance in an athletic activity; generating sensor data indicative of the measured level of physical resistance; using the sensor data to determine if the measured level of physical resistance will achieve a desired performance level in the athletic activity; and automatically generating control signals to adjust the level of physical resistance if the measured level of physical resistance is unlikely to achieve the desired performance level in the athletic activity.

Described herein are methods for determining a target musculoskeletal activity cycle (MSKC) to cardiac cycle (CC) timing relationship. The method may include detecting a first characteristic of a signal responsive to a CC timing of a user that repeats at a frequency that corresponds to a heart rate of the user; detecting a second characteristic of a signal responsive to a rhythmic musculoskeletal cycle activity (MSKC) timing of the user that repeats at a frequency that corresponds to the MSKC rate of the user; determining a value representative of an actual timing relationship between the first characteristic and the second characteristic; detecting a third characteristic of a signal corresponding to a physiological metric that varies with the actual timing relationship between the first and second characteristics; and determining a target value representative of a preferred timing relationship between the first and second characteristics.

A treadmill system includes a deck, an endless tread belt covering at least a portion of the deck, and a motion transducer positioned to detect movement of the tread belt. The treadmill system also includes a processor and memory where the memory includes instructions executable by the processor to receive an output of the motion transducer, determine an exercise type performed on the tread belt, and calculate an amount of work performed by a user on the tread belt based on the output of the motion transducer and the determined type of exercise.

A respiratory muscle strengthening device includes: a mouthpiece unit; a pressure unit coupled to one side of the mouthpiece unit to control air inhaled from the outside. The mouthpiece unit includes: a mouthpiece body inserted into the mouth of a user; a mouthpiece connector of which one end is coupled to an end of the mouthpiece body and the other end surrounds at least a portion of the pressure unit to fix the pressure unit; and a pressure unit cap formed to surround at least a portion of the pressure unit.

A respiratory muscle strengthening device includes: a mask body which covers at least a part of the face of a user; a pressure unit which is provided at one side of the mask body to control air inhaled from the outside of the mask body; a sensor unit which is provided at one side of the mask body to measure a respiratory pattern of the user; a band part which is formed to extend from the opposite ends of the mask body and by which the mask body is brought into close contact with the face of the user; and a cover part which is detachably coupled to one side of the mask body. The cover part includes a filtering part which filters out particles in the air.

A system (100) for training a subject such that the subject includes an input unit (102) having a number of sensors (112) that are configured to detect a number of physiological parameters of a user. A processing unit (104) is configured to receive the number of physiological parameters for comparing the number of physiological parameters with a set of predefined physiological parameters to generate a baseline signal (116A). An output unit (106) is configured to generate an instruction signal (118A) upon receipt of the baseline signal (116A) and a regulating unit (108) that is configured to regulate a speed of a game associated with a gamification engine (110) and a speed of an exercising apparatus (200) upon receipt of the instruction signal (118A).

Methods are disclosed in which a user performs breathing exercises with breathing apparatuses. The apparatus may include a member operatively arranged with an airflow resistance mechanism. The breathing apparatus may further include a chromogenic material, membrane, visual signal, airflow meter, acoustic device, or moveable element that may be configured to respond when the airflow or airflow rate is greater than a threshold airflow or threshold airflow rate, respectively. The breathing apparatus may be configured such that the airflow resistance mechanism is modifiable. The airflow resistance mechanism may provide a constant or variable airflow resistance during the performance of the exercise.

A system and method provides real-time coaching and adjustment to training. A wearable device may be configured for over-the-ear wear, which includes a speaker, a transceiver, and sensors to measure biometric activity in the user while worn during athletic performance training. The system uses a method which compares past performance to current performance and training goals to adjust a training plan during performance for maximizing training results. The system analyzes current and past performance and generates new training performance output goals in real-time based on the user's current performance. The system then transmits coaching output during a live training session instructing the user on how to adjust their performance output during a current training session. Some embodiments include connecting to smart gym apparatus which connect to the system and automatically increase/decrease resistance/speed depending on the system determining a need to change performance output for maximum gains.

Described herein are methods for determining a target musculoskeletal activity cycle (MSKC) to cardiac cycle (CC) timing relationship. The method may include detecting a first characteristic of a signal responsive to a CC timing of a user that repeats at a frequency that corresponds to a heart rate of the user; detecting a second characteristic of a signal responsive to a rhythmic musculoskeletal cycle activity (MSKC) timing of the user that repeats at a frequency that corresponds to the MSKC rate of the user; determining a value representative of an actual timing relationship between the first characteristic and the second characteristic; detecting a third characteristic of a signal corresponding to a physiological metric that varies with the actual timing relationship between the first and second characteristics; and determining a target value representative of a preferred timing relationship between the first and second characteristics.