The cooling device includes an electrocaloric portion including an electrocaloric effect material, a first thermal switch including a first actuator, and a second thermal switch including a second actuator, in which a thickness and a length of the first actuator and the second actuator are changed depending on an electric field to be applied.

An electrical protection unit A including a main conductor and, for each main conductor, a current limiter device connected in series with the main conductor to limit the current when a current or temperature threshold is exceeded, the limiter device including an element made of a material having a positive temperature coefficient, called PTC, and being capable of controlling a device for tripping the mechanism M for opening the contacts of the protection unit D, to cause the opening of the contacts of the unit when the threshold is exceeded leading to a change of state of the element between a low resistance state and a high resistance state. The PTC element includes the trip device, in such a way that this element itself provides the functions of fault current limitation and of tripping the mechanism for opening the contacts.

An electrical protection unit A including a main conductor and, for each main conductor, a current limiter device connected in series with the main conductor to limit the current when a current or temperature threshold is exceeded, the limiter device including an element made of a material having a positive temperature coefficient, called PTC, and being capable of controlling a device for tripping the mechanism M for opening the contacts of the protection unit D, to cause the opening of the contacts of the unit when the threshold is exceeded leading to a change of state of the element between a low resistance state and a high resistance state. The PTC element includes the trip device, in such a way that this element itself provides the functions of fault current limitation and of tripping the mechanism for opening the contacts.

The invention relates to a surge protection device with connection elements, an overvoltage protection device (SE1), two contact elements (K1, K2), a slide (AS), a connection plate (B) and a force accumulator (F). The two contact elements (K1, K2) and the overvoltage protection device (SE1) are encased with an electrically nonconducting material on the surface. The electrically nonconducting material leaves open a connection area (A) formed on the second contact element (K2). In a first state, the connection plate (B) is connected to the connection area (A). The slide (AS) is arranged such that it can slide on a surface of the electrically nonconducting material under the action of the force when the thermally softenable contact means softens in a second state, wherein the slide (AS) is displaced between the connection plate (B) and the connection area (A). The electrically nonconducting material is assigned a further function.

The invention relates to a surge protection device with connection elements, an overvoltage protection device (SE1), two contact elements (K1, K2), a slide (AS), a connection plate (B) and a force accumulator (F). The two contact elements (K1, K2) and the overvoltage protection device (SE1) are encased with an electrically nonconducting material on the surface. The electrically nonconducting material leaves open a connection area (A) formed on the second contact element (K2). In a first state, the connection plate (B) is connected to the connection area (A). The slide (AS) is arranged such that it can slide on a surface of the electrically nonconducting material under the action of the force when the thermally softenable contact means softens in a second state, wherein the slide (AS) is displaced between the connection plate (B) and the connection area (A). The electrically nonconducting material is assigned a further function.

A circuit interrupter includes separable contacts, a trip actuator structured to cause the separable contacts to trip open, a conductor structured to carry power through the circuit interrupter, a sensor having a forward bias voltage drop inversely proportional to temperature and being disposed proximate the conductor, an amplifier circuit electrically connected to the sensor and being structured to amplify the forward bias voltage drop of the sensor, and a comparator circuit structured to compare the amplified forward bias voltage drop with a predetermined reference voltage and to output a signal to the trip actuator when the amplified forward bias voltage drop is less than or equal to the predetermined reference voltage. The signal causes the trip actuator to cause the separable contacts to trip open.

A circuit interrupter includes separable contacts, a trip actuator structured to cause the separable contacts to trip open, a conductor structured to carry power through the circuit interrupter, a sensor having a forward bias voltage drop inversely proportional to temperature and being disposed proximate the conductor, an amplifier circuit electrically connected to the sensor and being structured to amplify the forward bias voltage drop of the sensor, and a comparator circuit structured to compare the amplified forward bias voltage drop with a predetermined reference voltage and to output a signal to the trip actuator when the amplified forward bias voltage drop is less than or equal to the predetermined reference voltage. The signal causes the trip actuator to cause the separable contacts to trip open.

A method, apparatus, and system for protection from hazards of conductivity is disclosed using non-electrical means to disrupt electrical current with a thermovolumetric substance. The purpose of this invention is to prevent hazardous conditions from occurring by disrupting the flow of electrical current prior to the development of arc fault conditions.

A method, apparatus, and system for protection from hazards of conductivity is disclosed using non-electrical means to disrupt electrical current with a thermovolumetric substance. The purpose of this invention is to prevent hazardous conditions from occurring by disrupting the flow of electrical current prior to the development of arc fault conditions.

A base of a surge protector, the surge protector comprising a function rotating member (3), and the function rotating member (3) having a remote linkage rod contact wall (3D) and a remote linkage notching (3H), and the base comprising a remote device, and the remote device having at least one remote linkage rod (9), and when the function rotating member (3) is situated at the first position, the remote linkage rod (9) is pressed down by the remote linkage rod contact wall (3D), and when the function rotating member (3) is rotated from the first position to the second position, the function rotating member (3) is rotated from the remote linkage rod contact wall (3D) to the remote linkage notching (3H) with respect to the point of action of the remote linkage rod (9) to release the remote linkage rod (9).