Provided are a traveling wave tube and a high-frequency circuit system such that the product life span of the traveling wave tube operating in multiple modes can be extended while variations in gain and amplification efficiency that accompany switching of the operation modes can be suppressed. The traveling wave tube comprises: an electron gun equipped with a cathode that releases electrons, and a heater that provides the cathode with heat energy for releasing the electrons; a helix causing an RF signal to interact with an electron beam formed from the electrons released by the electron gun; a collector for catching the electron beam emitted by the helix; an anode whereby the electrons released from the electron gun are guided into the helix; and a magnetic field application device for generating a magnetic field in order to change the diameter of the electron beam, said magnetic field application device being supplied with electric power for generating the magnetic field from the outside.

Provided are a traveling wave tube and a high-frequency circuit system such that the product life span of the traveling wave tube operating in multiple modes can be extended while variations in gain and amplification efficiency that accompany switching of the operation modes can be suppressed. The traveling wave tube comprises: an electron gun equipped with a cathode that releases electrons, and a heater that provides the cathode with heat energy for releasing the electrons; a helix causing an RF signal to interact with an electron beam formed from the electrons released by the electron gun; a collector for catching the electron beam emitted by the helix; an anode whereby the electrons released from the electron gun are guided into the helix; and a magnetic field application device for generating a magnetic field in order to change the diameter of the electron beam, said magnetic field application device being supplied with electric power for generating the magnetic field from the outside.

Example electron gun, vacuum device, and system are provided. An example electron gun includes a cathode, a focus electrode, and an energy exchange module. The energy exchange module includes an anode port, a signal input port, and an energy exchange unit. An input signal is input from the signal input port of the energy exchange module into the energy exchange unit of the energy exchange module, and energy exchange with the input signal is performed by transmitting an electron beam from the anode port of the energy exchange module to the energy exchange unit of the energy exchange module. The electron beam is generated by the cathode, the focus electrode, and the anode port.

Example electron gun, vacuum device, and system are provided. An example electron gun includes a cathode, a focus electrode, and an energy exchange module. The energy exchange module includes an anode port, a signal input port, and an energy exchange unit. An input signal is input from the signal input port of the energy exchange module into the energy exchange unit of the energy exchange module, and energy exchange with the input signal is performed by transmitting an electron beam from the anode port of the energy exchange module to the energy exchange unit of the energy exchange module. The electron beam is generated by the cathode, the focus electrode, and the anode port.

According to one embodiment, a klystron includes a high-frequency interaction unit, a main magnet arranged in a ring shape around the high-frequency interaction unit, an output waveguide, an auxiliary magnet arranged in a ring shape opposing the output waveguide, an output unit for extracting high-frequency power from the output waveguide, and an output adjustment mechanism which adjusts the output of the high-frequency power extracted from the output unit by deforming the output waveguide. In the output adjustment mechanism, the output waveguide is deformed by engaging a distal end of a jig inserted from an outside of the auxiliary magnet via a jig insertion hole with an engagement member and pushing or pulling the engagement member.

According to one embodiment, a klystron includes a high-frequency interaction unit, a main magnet arranged in a ring shape around the high-frequency interaction unit, an output waveguide, an auxiliary magnet arranged in a ring shape opposing the output waveguide, an output unit for extracting high-frequency power from the output waveguide, and an output adjustment mechanism which adjusts the output of the high-frequency power extracted from the output unit by deforming the output waveguide. In the output adjustment mechanism, the output waveguide is deformed by engaging a distal end of a jig inserted from an outside of the auxiliary magnet via a jig insertion hole with an engagement member and pushing or pulling the engagement member.

Vacuum electron devices (VEDs) are produced having a plurality of two-dimensional layers of various materials that are bonded together to form one or more VEDs simultaneously. The two-dimensional material layers are machined to include features needed for device operation so that when assembled and bonded into a three-dimensional structure, three-dimensional features are formed. The two-dimensional layers are bonded together using brazing, diffusion bonding, assisted diffusion bonding, solid state bonding, cold welding, ultrasonic welding, and the like. The manufacturing process enables incorporation of metallic, magnetic, and ceramic materials required for VED fabrication while maintaining required positional accuracy and multiple devices per batch capability. The VEDs so produced include a combination of magnetic and electrostatic lenses for electron beam control.