A chiral molecule can be defined as a molecule that has a non-superimposable mirror image. These mirror images can be referred to as enantiomers. The enantiomers generally have the same set of bond lengths and bond angles in their three-dimensional geometry. Apparatus and techniques described herein can be used to perform analysis of chiral molecules using cavity-enhanced molecular rotational spectroscopy. A sample cell can define a resonant cavity, and a sample introduction port can provide pulse jet injection of an analyte molecule and a chiral tag to allow analysis of a complex comprising the analyte and chiral tag.

A left-handed material extended interaction klystron includes: an input cavity, a middle cavity, an output cavity, first-section drift tube and a second-section drift tube; wherein the input cavity, the middle cavity and the output cavity are all cylindrical resonant cavities having arrays of Complementary electric Split-Ring Resonator (CeSRR) unit cells provided therein; wherein a first side of the input cavity is an input channel of an electron beam, a second side connects the middle cavity via the first-section drift tube; a first T-shaped coaxial input structure is provided in the input cavity; a first side of the output cavity is for connecting a collector, a second side of the output cavity connects the middle cavity via the second-section drift tube, a second T-shaped coaxial output structure is provided in the output cavity.

A left-handed material extended interaction klystron includes: an input cavity, a middle cavity, an output cavity, first-section drift tube and a second-section drift tube; wherein the input cavity, the middle cavity and the output cavity are all cylindrical resonant cavities having arrays of Complementary electric Split-Ring Resonator (CeSRR) unit cells provided therein; wherein a first side of the input cavity is an input channel of an electron beam, a second side connects the middle cavity via the first-section drift tube; a first T-shaped coaxial input structure is provided in the input cavity; a first side of the output cavity is for connecting a collector, a second side of the output cavity connects the middle cavity via the second-section drift tube, a second T-shaped coaxial output structure is provided in the output cavity.

A left-handed material extended interaction klystron includes: an input cavity, a middle cavity, an output cavity, first-section drift tube and a second-section drift tube; wherein the input cavity, the middle cavity and the output cavity are all cylindrical resonant cavities having arrays of Complementary electric Split-Ring Resonator (CeSRR) unit cells provided therein; wherein a first side of the input cavity is an input channel of an electron beam, a second side connects the middle cavity via the first-section drift tube; a first T-shaped coaxial input structure is provided in the input cavity; a first side of the output cavity is for connecting a collector, a second side of the output cavity connects the middle cavity via the second-section drift tube, a second T-shaped coaxial output structure is provided in the output cavity.

A left-handed material extended interaction klystron includes: an input cavity, a middle cavity, an output cavity, first-section drift tube and a second-section drift tube; wherein the input cavity, the middle cavity and the output cavity are all cylindrical resonant cavities having arrays of Complementary electric Split-Ring Resonator (CeSRR) unit cells provided therein; wherein a first side of the input cavity is an input channel of an electron beam, a second side connects the middle cavity via the first-section drift tube; a first T-shaped coaxial input structure is provided in the input cavity; a first side of the output cavity is for connecting a collector, a second side of the output cavity connects the middle cavity via the second-section drift tube, a second T-shaped coaxial output structure is provided in the output cavity.

The present invention provides a relativistic magnetron including an anode with an entrant channel, the channel having an input end, an output end and a dimensional discontinuity between the ends. The channel is connected to the magnetron and has an anode defining an interaction space located between the dimensional discontinuity and output end. Also provided is a cathode, located upstream, a spaced distance away from the interaction space towards the input end, the cathode is adapted to send an electron beam into the interaction space where the electron beam forms a virtual cathode in the interaction space.

The present invention provides a relativistic magnetron including an anode with an entrant channel, the channel having an input end, an output end and a dimensional discontinuity between the ends. The channel is connected to the magnetron and has an anode defining an interaction space located between the dimensional discontinuity and output end. Also provided is a cathode, located upstream, a spaced distance away from the interaction space towards the input end, the cathode is adapted to send an electron beam into the interaction space where the electron beam forms a virtual cathode in the interaction space.

A crossed field device for generating electromagnetic emissions includes an anode having a first slow-wave structure having a plurality of first vanes separated by cavities formed therebetween and a second slow-wave structure having a plurality of second vanes separated by cavities formed therebetween. At least one of the first vanes is laterally aligned with one of the second vanes. The first vanes are offset from the second vanes by an offset distance so that at least one of the first vanes is not laterally aligned with a second vane and at least one of the second vanes is not laterally aligned with a first vane. The device further includes a cathode disposed in a space located between first and second vanes. A magnetic element generates a magnetic field (B), which is oriented orthogonally to an electric field (E) formed by the anode and cathode to generate EM emissions.

A magnetron includes an anode cylinder extending in a cylindrical shape along a central axis and a plurality of plate-like vanes at least each one end of which is fixed to the anode cylinder, extending from an inner face of the anode cylinder toward the central axis, in which the anode cylinder includes refrigerant flow paths for directly applying a refrigerant to the plate-like vanes. The refrigerant flow paths 111 are openings formed so that end surfaces (joint end faces of the plate-like vanes) of the plate-like vanes are exposed, which allow the refrigerant to directly contact the plate-like vanes.

A magnetron includes an anode cylinder extending in a cylindrical shape along a central axis and a plurality of plate-like vanes at least each one end of which is fixed to the anode cylinder, extending from an inner face of the anode cylinder toward the central axis, in which the anode cylinder includes refrigerant flow paths for directly applying a refrigerant to the plate-like vanes. The refrigerant flow paths 111 are openings formed so that end surfaces (joint end faces of the plate-like vanes) of the plate-like vanes are exposed, which allow the refrigerant to directly contact the plate-like vanes.