In accordance with at least one aspect of this disclosure, a method for identifying a chemical composition includes, collecting a chemical sample and introducing the chemical sample to a detection system, performing, with a differential mobility spectrometer, differential mobility spectrometry on the chemical sample to separate ions within the chemical sample into a first constituent group based on a first analysis characteristic. The method further includes, performing, with an ion mobility spectrometer, ion mobility spectrometry on the first constituent group to separate ions within the first constituent group into a second constituent group based on a second analysis characteristic, and determining an identity of the chemical sample based on ions present within the second constituent group.

The invention generally relates to systems and methods for collision induced dissociation of ions in an ion trap. In certain aspects, the invention provides a system that includes a mass spectrometer having an ion trap, and a central processing unit (CPU). The CPU includes storage coupled to the CPU for storing instructions that when executed by the CPU cause the system to generate one or more signals, and apply the one or more signals to the ion trap in a manner that all ions within the ion trap are fragmented at a same Mathieu q value.

A collision cell is disclosed that comprises of a support and a target material. The parent ions entering the cell are accelerated and collide with the target material resulting in their fragmentation. The target material can be made from any suitable materials such as graphene, carbon, silicon, a combination of these materials, or alloys which have an atomic or molecular structure. The target material and the support are so selected to optimize the fragmentation process for a particular range of molecules and ions. The fragmented ions produced within the collision or fragmentation zone are focused and collected by a set of lenses positioned on the downstream side of the cell.

Devices and methods for surface-induced association are disclosed herein. According to one embodiment, a device for surface-induced dissociation (SID) includes a collision surface and a deflector configured to guide precursor ions from a pre-SID region to the collision surface. In some embodiments, an extractor extracts ions off the collision surface after collision with the collision surface. In some embodiments, an RF device can collect and/or transmit the extracted ions. In some embodiments, an ion funnel guides product ions resulting from collision with the collision surface to a post-SID region. Some aspects of the disclosure are directed to methods for surface-induced dissociation, which may in some embodiments include using of a split lens or an ion funnel.

A method for performing mass spectrometry by causing a precursor ion derived from a sample component and a radical to react in a reaction chamber 132 to generate products ion from the precursor ion, the method including: a step 6 of generating a radical from a material gas; a step 8 of introducing the radical and the precursor ion into the reaction chamber 132 in a state where an amount of electric power corresponding to a generation condition of the radical is supplied to a temperature control part 1331 provided in the reaction chamber 132; and a step 9 of separating and detecting product ions generated from the precursor ion in the reaction chamber 132 according to a mass-to-charge ratio.

This system presents a comprehensive approach for detecting protein-protein interactions and exploring protein structures. It encompasses various components, including a receptacle for receiving cross-linked precursor peptides, a mass spectrometer for generating MS1 and MS2 spectra, and modules for precursor mass refinement, MS2 spectrum scoring, protein score database construction, and feedback mechanism processing. Through the integration of these elements, the system facilitates the identification of peptide interactions and protein structures, leveraging a cross-linking dataset obtained from proteins cross-linked with cleavable or non-cleavable crosslinking reagents.

Systems and methods for surface-induced dissociation (SID) are disclosed herein. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a system for characterizing the structure of a sample includes an SID device configured to receive the sample, the sample including a plurality of viral capsids; a charge detection mass spectrometer (CDMS) operably coupled to the surface induced dissociation device and configured to receive fragmented viral capsids from the surface induced dissociation device, where the CDMS is configured to determine a characterization of the structure of the viral capsids.

Methods of mass spectrometry comprise providing a target list of mass to charge ratios of fragments of interest for the sample to be analysed that is ionized to form sample ions. A plurality of MS2 analyses across the m/z range of interest is performed, each MS2 analysis comprising mass selecting the sample ions using an isolation window having a first m/z width and fragmenting the sample ions within the isolation window. A centre m/z of the isolation window is updated such that the plurality of MS2 analyses cover the m/z range of interest. Each MS2 analysis also comprises mass analysing the fragment ions and determining a m/z associated with each spectral peak, and comparing the m/z of the spectral peaks to the m/z of the fragments of the target list. Upon detecting a match, a triggered MS2 analysis is performed with a higher sensitivity.

Robust designs for radiation absorption systems are described here that allows for efficient absorption over the widest range of electromagnetic frequencies. The radiation absorption systems have been designed that utilize photon capture by electrons that are primed to capture photons with maximum efficiency by maximizing the photon capture probability. Optimum potential fields along with very low temperatures and high pressure may be utilized for the purpose. Electric blackholes utilized make it possible to absorb electromagnetic radiation over the widest range of frequencies. The systems and techniques detailed here can also be utilized for measuring various properties of different types of blackholes such as gravitational, electric, and electro-gravitational blackholes. These techniques also allow us to track photon state after it gets absorbed by an atom. Procedures/mechanisms are described for measurements of electronic collision relaxation time, effective mass of an electron, photon penetration depth, and Zero Inductance Electron Separation.