A method of operating a mass spectrometer that allows for high-speed operation is disclosed. The method consists in separating the various steps needed to produce a mass spectrum into three or more conceptual stages in a pipeline, such that the instrument is performing steps to process more than two precursor-ion species simultaneously. In general, the number of stages in the pipeline should at least one more and, preferably, at least two more than the number of buffering storage devices in the instrument. The presently-taught methods and apparatus allow for nearly 100% duty cycle of ion accumulation for precursors of interest.

A method of performing an entangling operation between two trapped ions in a quantum computer includes selecting a gate duration value of a pulse to be applied to a first ion and a second ion in a chain of trapped ions, determining one or more tones of the pulse, each tone comprising an amplitude value and a detuning frequency value, based on the selected gate duration value and frequencies of the motional modes of the chain of trapped ions, generating the pulse having the one or more tones, each tone comprising the determined amplitude and the determined detuning frequency values, and applying the generated pulse to the first and second ions for the gate duration value. Each of the trapped ions has two frequency-separated states defining a qubit, and motional modes of the chain of trapped ions each have a distinct frequency.

An analytical device includes: a reaction unit into which an ion derived from a sample component is introduced; a radical generation unit that generates a radical by vacuum discharge and comprises a raw material introduction chamber into which a plasma raw material is introduced; a connection part that introduces the radical generated in the radical generation unit into a vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber having a pressure lower than a pressure of the raw material introduction chamber and being connected to the reaction unit; and a separation unit that separates a generated ion generated by a reaction with the radical introduced via the connection part into the reaction unit according to m/z and/or ion mobility, wherein an inner diameter of a cross section of the connection part is equal to or less than 20 millimeters.

A method of mass spectrometry is disclosed comprising: performing a plurality of cycles of operation during a single experimental run, wherein each cycle comprises: mass selectively transmitting precursor ions of a single mass, or range of masses, through or out of a mass separator or mass filter at any given time, wherein the mass separator or mass filter is operated such that the single mass or range of masses transmitted therefrom is varied with time; and mass analysing ions.

A method of mass spectrometry is disclosed comprising: performing a plurality of cycles of operation during a single experimental run, wherein each cycle comprises: mass selectively transmitting precursor ions of a single mass, or range of masses, through or out of a mass separator or mass filter at any given time, wherein the mass separator or mass filter is operated such that the single mass or range of masses transmitted therefrom is varied with time; and mass analysing ions.

The invention provides a mass spectrometry analysis method and a mass spectrometry system, including: a first sample separation step, separating a sample by a first sample separation device to obtain first isolates; a second sample separation step, introducing ionized first isolates into a second sample separation device for further separation based on a difference in ion mobility to obtain second isolates; and a mass spectrometry analysis step, performing mass spectrometry detection at least on daughter ions obtained from dissociation of the second isolates; in the second sample separation step, the second sample separation device operates in a filter mode, and screens out and releases ions having ion mobility within a specified range from received second isolates. The mass spectrometry analysis method can improve the dynamic range of mass spectrometry analysis.

An ion source is provided comprising a nebuliser or electrospray probe (1) for nebulising a sample and an impact surface or target electrode (5). The impact surface or target electrode (5) comprises a tarnishable or oxidisable metal or an alloy comprising tarnishable or oxidisable metal. Also provided is an ion source comprising a nebuliser or electrospray probe with a central wire comprising a tarnishable or oxidisable metal or an alloy comprising a tarnishable or oxidisable metal or an alloy comprising a tarnishable or oxidisable metal. Adducts with relatively heavy metals result in simplified multiply-charged mass spectra that are easier to interpret.

A method of mass spectrometry is disclosed comprising: performing a plurality of cycles of operation during a single experimental run, wherein each cycle comprises: mass selectively transmitting precursor ions of a single mass, or range of masses, through or out of a mass separator or mass filter at any given time, wherein the mass separator or mass filter is operated such that the single mass or range of masses transmitted therefrom is varied with time; and mass analysing ions.

Disclosed herein is an apparatus for supplying reagent ions, for example ETD or PTR reagent ions, to a mass spectrometer. The apparatus includes a reagent material reservoir, coupled to a carrier gas supply, which delivers an entrained reagent vapor flow to an inlet of a mixing junction through a first flow restrictor. A control gas flow of carrier gas is delivered to another inlet of the mixing junction via a variable pressure regulator and a second flow restrictor. The outlet of the mixing junction is coupled via a third flow restrictor and a reagent transfer junction to an inlet of an ionizer, such as a glow-discharge ionizer. By dynamic adjustment of the output pressure of the variable pressure regulator, the flow rate of reagent vapor may be controlled over a broad range, even for reagent materials of relatively high volatility.

A dissociation device fragments a precursor ion, producing at least two different product ions with overlapping m/z values in the dissociation device. The dissociation device applies an AC voltage and a DC voltage creating a pseudopotential that traps ions below a threshold m/z including the at least two product ions. The dissociation device receives a charge reducing reagent that causes the trapped at least two product ions to be charge reduced until their m/z values increase above the threshold m/z set by the AC voltage. The increase in the m/z values of the at least two product ions decreases their overlap. The at least two product ions with increased m/z values are transmitted to another device for subsequent mass analysis by applying the DC voltage to the dissociation device relative to a DC voltage applied to the other device.