A physical unclonable functions (PUF) device including a first copper electrode, a second electrode, and a silicon oxide layer positioned directly between the first copper electrode and the second electrode; a method of producing a PUF device; an array comprising a PUF device; and a method of generating a secure key with a plurality of PUF devices.

An inspection system for a semiconductor package includes an inspection apparatus that includes a stage on which the semiconductor package is loaded, and a computer coupled to the inspection apparatus. The semiconductor package may include a first semiconductor chip and a second semiconductor chip on the first semiconductor chip, the computer may provide first identification information about the first semiconductor chip and second identification information about the second semiconductor chip, and the computer may control the inspection apparatus to selectively perform a package test process on one of the first and second semiconductor chips, the one of the first and second semiconductor chips being identified as a good chip based on the first identification information and the second identification information.

An electronic device comprising a semiconductor chip which comprises a plurality of structures formed in the semiconductor chip, wherein the semiconductor chip is a member of a set of semiconductor chips, the set of semiconductor chips comprises a plurality of subsets of semiconductor chips, and the semiconductor chip is a member of only one of the subsets. The plurality of structures of the semiconductor chip includes a set of common structures which is the same for all of the semiconductor chips of the set, and a set of non-common structures, wherein the non-common structures of the semiconductor chip of the subset is different from a non-common circuit of the semiconductor chips in every other subset. At least a first portion of the non-common structures and a first portion of the common structures form a first non-common circuit, wherein the first non--common circuit of the semiconductor chips of each subset is different from a non-common circuit of the semiconductor chips in every other subset. At least a second portion of the non-common structures is adapted to store or generate a first predetermined value which uniquely identifies the first non-common circuit, wherein the first predetermined value is readable from outside the semiconductor chip by automated reading means.

A method for marking a semiconductor substrate at the die level for providing unique authentication and serialization includes projecting a first pattern of actinic radiation onto a layer of photoresist on the substrate using mask-based photolithography, the first pattern defining semiconductor device structures and projecting a second pattern of actinic radiation onto the layer of photoresist using direct-write projection, the second pattern defining a unique wiring structure having a unique electrical signature.

Embodiments herein include methods, systems, and apparatuses for die screening using inline defect information. Such embodiments may include receiving a plurality of defects, receiving wafersort electrical data for a plurality of dies, classifying each of the defects as a defect-of-interest or nuisance, determining a defect-of-interest confidence for each of the defects-of-interest, determining a die return index for each of the dies containing at least one of the defects-of-interest, determining a die return index cutline, and generating an inking map. Each of the defects may be associated with a die in the plurality of dies. Each of the dies may be tagged as passing a wafersort electrical test or failing the wafersort electrical test. Classifying each of the defects as a defect-of-interest or nuisance may be accomplished using a defect classification model, which may include machine learning. The inking map may be electronically communicated to an inking system.

Devices, systems and methods for uniquely identifying integrated circuits are provided. For at least one embodiment, an identifiable integrated circuit in a lot of integrated circuits includes a plurality of identifier devices. Each of the identifier devices, when tested, returns a series of first test results that form an analog identifier for the integrated circuit. For one embodiment, the identifier devices is a Zener diode. The test results may be based on reverse breakdown voltage measurements determined prior to packaging of the integrated circuit. Later testing of the integrated circuit returns a second series of reverse breakdown voltage measurements that monotonically vary over time and temperature, as compared to the first series of test results. Such monotonical variation facilitates correlation of the first series of test results with the second series of test results and, thereby, identification of the integrated circuit.

An electronic device comprising a semiconductor chip which comprises a plurality of structures formed in the semiconductor chip, wherein the semiconductor chip is a member of a set of semiconductor chips, the set of semiconductor chips comprises a plurality of subsets of semiconductor chips, and the semiconductor chip is a member of only one of the subsets. The plurality of structures of the semiconductor chip includes a set of common structures which is the same for all of the semiconductor chips of the set, and a set of non-common structures, wherein the non-common structures of the semiconductor chip of the subset is different from a non-common circuit of the semiconductor chips in every other subset. At least a first portion of the non-common structures and a first portion of the common structures form a first non-common circuit, wherein the first non-common circuit of the semiconductor chips of each subset is different from a non-common circuit of the semiconductor chips in every other subset. At least a second portion of the non-common structures is adapted to store or generate a first predetermined value which uniquely identifies the first non-common circuit, wherein the first predetermined value is readable from outside the semiconductor chip by automated reading means.

A computer-implemented method executed on a processor for detecting whether a wafer has been tampered during a semiconductor fabrication process, the method including, at a plurality of patterning steps where lithographic patterns are defined and etched or at a plurality of fabrication processing steps, marking, via an identification tool, each die with an unclonable identification in a memory array, inspecting, via an inspection tool, each of the dies, and removing compromised wafers from a wafer pool during the semiconductor fabrication process.

An integrated circuit (IC) chip package assembly apparatus and techniques for assembling IC chip packages are described. For example, a techniques for fabricating an IC package include (A) determining a first package assembly yield (PAY) across a first die pool comprising a first plurality of dies having a performance criteria within a first predefined range; (B) determining a second PAY across a second die pool comprising a second plurality of dies having a performance criteria within a second predefined range of performance criteria that is different than the first predefined range of performance criteria, the second plurality of dies comprising a portion of the first plurality of dies; and (C) generating a final assembly sequence in response to analyzing the first and second PAYs, the final assembly sequence comprising rules for combining dies in accordance with obtaining a higher of the first PAY and the second PAY.

Devices, systems and methods for uniquely identifying integrated circuits are provided. For at least one embodiment, a method for marking a given integrated circuit out of a plurality of integrated circuits, includes the operations of fabricating a plurality of identifier devices onto each integrated circuit of the plurality of integrated circuits; testing each of the plurality of identifier devices to obtain a test result for each identifier device; associating together each test result obtained for each identifier device fabricated onto each given integrated circuit to form an analog identifier for the given integrated circuit; and storing in a database each analog identifier for each of the plurality of integrated circuits. For at least one embodiment, a method for identifying an integrated circuit previously marked in an accordance with the present disclosure is provided. Articles of commerce marked using an embodiment of the present disclosure are also described.