Disclosed are a method of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly and a membrane-electrode assembly manufactured using the same. The method includes forming a laminated structure, and treating the laminated structure, for example, by drying and heat treating. The laminated structure includes a release film, an anode layer, a porous support layer, and a cathode layer.

A composite metal porous body according to an aspect of the present invention has a framework of a three-dimensional network structure. The framework includes a porous base material and a metal film coated on the surface of the porous base material. The metal film contains titanium metal or titanium alloy as the main component.

A layered cathode structure for a molten carbonate fuel cell is provided, along with methods of forming a layered cathode and operating a fuel cell including a layered cathode. The layered cathode can include at least a first cathode layer and a second cathode layer. The first cathode layer can correspond to a layer that is adjacent to the molten carbonate electrolyte during operation, while the second cathode layer can correspond to a layer that is adjacent to the cathode collector of the fuel cell. The first cathode layer can be formed by sintering a layer that includes a conventional precursor material for forming a cathode, such as nickel particles. The second cathode layer can be formed by sintering a layer that includes a mixture of particles of a conventional precursor material and 1.0 vol % to 30 vol % of particles of a lithium pore-forming compound. The resulting layered cathode structure can have an increased pore size adjacent to the cathode collector to facilitate diffusion of CO.sub.2 into the electrolyte interface, while also having a smaller pore size adjacent to the electrolyte to allow for improved electrical contact and/or reduced polarization at the interface between the electrolyte and the cathode.

A reforming element for a molten carbonate fuel cell stack and corresponding methods are provided that can reduce or minimize temperature differences within the fuel cell stack when operating the fuel cell stack with enhanced CO.sub.2 utilization. The reforming element can include at least one surface with a reforming catalyst deposited on the surface. A difference between the minimum and maximum reforming catalyst density and/or activity on a first portion of the at least one surface can be 20% to 75%, with the highest catalyst densities and/or activities being in proximity to the side of the fuel cell stack corresponding to at least one of the anode inlet and the cathode inlet.

The present specification relates to a solid oxide fuel cell including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte layer provided between the anode and the cathode and a method for fabricating the solid oxide fuel cell.

A gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cell and preparation method thereof are provided. The preparation method is to papermake and dry carbon fiber suspension mainly composed of a fibrous binder, water, a dispersant and carbon fibers with different aspect ratios to obtain a carbon fiber base paper, and then carbonize and graphitize under the protection of nitrogen or inert gas to obtain a gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cell; where the fibrous binder is a composite fiber or a blend fiber composed of a phenolic resin and other resin; where the prepared gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cell has a pore gradient, and the layer with the smallest pore size is an intrinsic microporous layer.

A laminated article having a first layer and a second layer. Each layer has a porous carbon structure and a porous polymer. The pores of the two porous polymers are from 1 nanometer to 10 microns in diameter, and the two porous polymers have different pore size distributions. A method of making the laminated article by hot-pressing the two or more layers. The article may be used in an electrochemical cell.

A method for producing an electrochemical cell is provided, the method including determining a spatial distribution (k.sub.x,y.sup.f) of a parameter of interest (k) representative of a permeability of a diffusion layer of at least one electrode of a reference electrochemical cell in operation, the determining being performed by defining a spatial distribution (T.sub.x,y.sup.c) of a set-point temperature (T.sup.c) within the cell in operation, by measuring a spatial distribution (D.sub.x,y.sup.r) of a first thermal quantity (D.sup.r) representative of local removal of heat, by estimating a spatial distribution (Q.sub.x,y.sup.e) of a second thermal quantity (Q.sup.e) representative of local production of heat (Q.sup.e), and by determining the spatial distribution (k.sub.x/y.sup.f) depending on the estimated spatial distribution (Q.sub.x,y.sup.e), and the method further including producing the electrochemical cell based on the reference electrochemical cell and in which the parameter of interest (k) has the determined spatial distribution (k.sub.x,y.sup.f).

A cell stack device includes a cell stack including a plurality of cells arranged, and a manifold configured to allow a reaction gas to be supplied to the plurality of cells. First end portions of the plurality of cells are fixed to the manifold with a sealing material. The plurality of cells each include: a supporting substrate extending in a length direction; an element portion including a fuel electrode, a solid electrolyte layer, and an air electrode layered on the supporting substrate; and an interlayer located between the solid electrolyte layer and the air electrode, extending to each of the first end portions of the plurality of cells, and having a porosity greater than a porosity of the solid electrolyte layer. The interlayer includes an exposed portion exposed from the air electrode at each of the first end portions of the plurality of cells and the sealing material provided on the exposed portion.

A positive electrode for a metal-air battery, the positive electrode including: a first layer disposed on a surface of an electrolyte membrane or a separator and including a first carbon material, a first electrolyte, and a first binder having an affinity with the first electrolyte; and a second layer disposed on the first layer and including a second carbon material, a second electrolyte, and a second binder having an affinity with the second electrolyte, wherein the first carbon material is different from the second carbon material, the first carbon material has a Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area which is greater than a Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of the second carbon material, and wherein an amount of the first binder may be about 1.5 times to about 3 times greater than an amount of the second binder.