A gas diffusion layer for a metal-air battery, the gas diffusion layer including: a porous layer including non-conductive fiber structures, a conductive carbon layer including a carbon material that is disposed on a surface of a non-conductive fiber structure of the plurality of non-conductive fiber structures.

The present invention relates to batteries and more particularly to battery systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to metal-air based battery systems. In an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery system, the system comprising (a) a cell comprising a metal anode and a cathode current collector, the metal anode and the cathode current collector separated by a separator; (d) a gas diffusion tank; and (e) an electrolyte between the cathode current collector and the gas diffusion tank, the electrolyte comprising redox molecules.

A zinc iodine flow battery includes a positive end plate, a positive current collector, a negative current collector, a positive electrode with a flow frame, a membrane, a negative electrode with a flow frame, a negative end plate. The negative electrolyte is circulated between the negative storage tank and the negative cavity by pump. The negative pipe is provided with a branch pipe for the positive electrolyte circulation. The porous membrane between the positive and negative electrodes can realize the conduction of supporting electrolyte and prevent the diffusion of I3− to the negative electrolyte. In a duel-flow battery system, same electrolyte serves as both the positive electrolyte and the negative electrolyte, which is a mixed aqueous solution containing iodized and zinc salt. The membrane is porous membrane does not contain ion exchange group. Both the positive and negative electrolyte are neutral solutions.

Disclosed is a high temperature-type unitized regenerative fuel cell using water vapor, which exhibits high hydrogen (H.sub.2) production efficiency and superior power generation ability.

Disclosed herein are a folding type lithium air battery and a method for manufacturing the battery. The lithium air battery is configured such that a first electrolyte membrane and a second electrolyte membrane including reinforcing layers and ionic liquids that are suitable for a positive electrode and a negative electrode, respectively, are formed, and a separator including a diffusion prevention membrane is provided between the first electrolyte membrane and the second electrolyte membrane, thus guaranteeing the stability of an electrode, and improving battery performance due to excellent ionic conductivity.

An electrochemical cell includes an air electrode in flow communication with a storage tank containing an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, a lithium electrode, a catalyst layer in contact with the air electrode or a gas diffusion layer associated with the air electrode, and a separator layer in contact with the lithium electrode and catalyst layer. The catalyst layer includes a catalyst for two electron reversible oxygen reduction. The catalyst comprises gold, and a cobalt coordination complex or polymer thereof. The cobalt coordination complex comprises a cobalt ion chelated by a tetradentate organic chelating ligand.

An electrochemical apparatus includes a catholyte, an anolyte, and a separator disposed between the catholyte and the anolyte. The catholyte includes metal salt dissolved in water, thereby providing at least one metal ion. The anolyte includes a polysulfide solution. The separator is permeable to the at least one metal ion. During a charging process of the electrochemical apparatus, oxygen is generated in the catholyte, the polysulfide in the polysulfide solution undergoes a reduction reaction in the anolyte, and the at least one metal ion moves from the catholyte to the anolyte. During a discharging process of the apparatus, the oxygen is consumed in the catholyte, the polysulfide oxidizes in the anolyte, and the at least one metal ion moves from the anolyte to the catholyte.

A graphite-containing electrode includes a porous body that has a plurality of first graphite-containing elements and a plurality of second graphite-containing elements intermingled with the first graphite-containing elements. The first graphite-containing elements have a first degree of graphitization and the second graphite-containing elements have a second, different degree of graphitization.

Disclosed is a high temperature-type unitized regenerative fuel cell using water vapor, which exhibits high hydrogen (H.sub.2) production efficiency and superior power generation ability.

A metal-hydrogen battery includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second electrode includes a bi-functional catalyst to catalyze both hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction at the second electrode.