A cell stack device includes a cell stack, a holding member, and a positive electrode terminal. The cell stack is constructed by stacking a plurality of cells. The holding member holds the cells. The positive electrode terminal functions as a positive electrode when power generated by the cell stack is output to the outside. The potential of the positive electrode terminal is not more than that of the holding member.

A method of manufacturing a proton-conducting fuel cell includes assembling a green anode-electrolyte half-cell by forming an anode substrate layer having an upper surface and a lower surface, forming an anode functional layer on the upper surface of the anode substrate layer, forming an electrolyte layer on an upper surface of the anode functional layer, and forming a stress balancing layer on the lower surface of the anode substrate layer. The method further includes positioning the green anode-electrolyte half-cell on kiln furniture inside a sintering kiln and sintering the green anode-electrolyte half-cell using SSRS to an anode-electrolyte half-cell.

A rechargeable lithium air battery is provided. The battery contains a ceramic separator forming an anode chamber, a molten lithium anode contained in the anode chamber, an air cathode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The cathode has a temperature gradient comprising a low temperature region and a high temperature region, and the temperature gradient provides a flow system for reaction product produced by the battery.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to method of forming an electrocatalyst structure on an electrode, comprising depositing a first layer on the electrode using atomic layer deposition (ALD), wherein the first layer comprises a plurality of discrete nanoparticles of a first electrocatalyst, and depositing one or more of a second layer on the first layer and the electrode using ALD, wherein the one or more second layer comprises a second electrocatalyst, wherein the first layer and the one or more second layers, collectively, form a multi-layer electrocatalyst structure on the electrode. Also disclosed are electrodes having a multi-layer electrocatalyst structure. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

A composite including an electrolyte layer containing solid oxide, and at least one electrode selected from a cathode disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer in a first direction and an anode disposed on the other side of the electrolyte layer in the first direction. Either one of two surfaces of the composite located on opposite sides in the first direction satisfies a first requirement that, as viewed in the first direction, a curvature determined on the basis of any three points juxtaposed at intervals of 5 mm is less than 0.0013 (l/mm) and that, as viewed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the curvature is the reciprocal of the radius of an imaginary circle passing through the any three points.

Disclosed is a pouch type metal-air battery. In the pouch type metal-air battery, when the electrolyte inside the cell comes out of the electrode assembly by applying external pressure, the electrolyte does not reach the space partitioned by the gas diffusion layer, the electrode assembly and the exterior material, due to the step caused by the projection part of the gas diffusion layer. As such, a plurality of pores in the exterior material, which corresponds to the space, may not be blocked. Therefore, since oxygen selectively permeated from the exterior material flows into the gas diffusion layer, and flows into the electrode assembly through the diffusion portion of the gas diffusion layer, the contact resistance with pressure may improve and the initial driving conditions and driving reproducibility may be secured.

A gas diffusion layer for an electrolyser or for a fuel cell comprises a first nonwoven layer of metal fibers provided for contacting a proton exchange membrane, a second nonwoven layer of metal fibers, and a third porous metal layer. The first nonwoven layer of metal fibers comprises metal fibers of a first equivalent diameter. The second nonwoven layer of metal fibers comprises metal fibers of a second equivalent diameter. The second equivalent diameter is larger than the first equivalent diameter. The third porous metal layer comprises open pores. The open pores of the third porous metal layer are larger than the open pores of the second nonwoven layer of metal fibers. The second nonwoven layer is provided in between and contacting the first nonwoven layer and the third porous metal layer. The second nonwoven layer is metallurgically bonded to the first nonwoven layer and to the third porous metal layer. The thickness of the third porous metal layer is at least two times—and preferably at least three times—the thickness of the first nonwoven layer.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to electrode structures. In one aspect, a method includes: providing an electrode layer comprising a ceramic, the ceramic being porous; providing a catalyst precursor, the catalyst precursor being a cathode catalyst precursor or an anode catalyst precursor; infiltrating the catalyst precursor in a first side of the electrode layer; after the infiltrating operation, heating the electrode layer to about 750° C. to 950° C., the catalyst precursor forming a catalyst, the catalyst being a cathode catalyst or an anode catalyst; infiltrating the catalyst precursor in the first side of the electrode layer; after the infiltrating operation, heating the electrode layer to about 300° C. to 700° C., the catalyst precursor forming the catalyst, the catalyst being the cathode catalyst or the anode catalyst.

A lithium air battery including: a lithium air cell including a cathode configured to use oxygen as cathode active materials, an anode capable of storing and releasing lithium ions, and an electrolyte disposed between the cathode and the anode; and a water vapour supply unit including a basic metal compound and water, wherein the water vapour supply unit is configured to supply water to the cathode of the lithium air cell.

The present disclosure provides a stable ceramic anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a method for producing and using the same. In particular, anodes for solid oxide fuel cells disclosed herein can be operated at a significantly lower temperature than conventional SOFCs, and allow thermal and anode gas cycling under transient conditions. More significantly, anodes described in the present disclosure have a significantly higher long-term operability compared to a similar anode having a higher amount of electrocatalyst. In one particular embodiment, the stable ceramic anodes comprise (i) strontium-iron-cobalt-molybdenum oxide (SFCM) material; (ii) a first ion-conductor composition comprising an oxide of cerium or cerium that is doped with a rare-earth metal; and (iii) nanoparticles of an electrocatalyst comprising (a) a second ion-conductor and (b) nickel, a nickel alloy, or a combination thereof. The amount of electrocatalyst in said stable ceramic anode is less than 10 wt %.