A process produces a shaped organic charge storage unit, especially a secondary battery, the electrodes of which contain an organic redox-active polymer, and which includes a polymeric solid electrolyte. Compared to conventional folded charge storage units, the charge storage unit shows greater resistance to deformation, which is manifested in a lower drop in capacity and a reduced tendency to fracture in the shaping process.

The invention relates to a gas diffusion layer (1) for a fuel cell (3), comprising a composite material (5) that contains electrically conducting particles (7), a binder and fibers (9), preferably carbon fibers, the particles (7) and the fibers (9) being present in the composite material (5) in the form of a mixture. The invention also relates to a fuel cell and to a method for producing the gas diffusion layer.

A solid oxide electrochemical cell includes a solid oxide electrolyte, an anode located on a first side of the solid oxide electrolyte, and a cathode located on a second side of the solid oxide electrolyte. The cathode includes lanthanum nickel ferrite.

A catalyst for an air electrode of a metal air secondary battery, the catalyst containing Ca.sub.2FeCoO.sub.5 and YBaCo.sub.4O.sub.7, in which a mass ratio of a content of the YBaCo.sub.4O.sub.7 to a content of the Ca.sub.2FeCoO.sub.5 is 0.49 to 9.00.

A membrane electrode assembly for a solid polymer fuel cell and a solid polymer fuel cell that have excellent adhesion at an interface between an electrode catalyst layer and a polymer electrolyte membrane are provided. The membrane electrode assembly for a solid polymer fuel cell according to the present embodiment includes electrode catalyst layers (8) laminated on both sides of a polymer electrolyte membrane (9). The electrode catalyst layer (8) contains a catalyst (10), a carbon particle (11), and a polymer electrolyte (12) . At least one void portion (14) is formed at an interface between the electrode catalyst layer (8) and the polymer electrolyte membrane (9) . When a height being a length of the void portion (14) in a direction orthogonal to the interface is denoted as h, and a width being a length of the void portion (14) in a direction parallel to the interface is denoted as w, in a case that a section obtained by cutting the membrane electrode assembly for a solid polymer fuel cell by a plane orthogonal to the interface is observed by an SEM, the height h is less than or equal to 0.5 .Math.m, and the total of a width w of the void portion (14) existing in an area with a length of 30 .Math.m in a direction parallel to the interface is less than or equal to 10 .Math.m, at each of the interfaces on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane (9) .

A cathode catalyst layer has two layers: a first catalyst layer on a gas diffusion layer side, and a second catalyst layer on an electrolyte membrane side. The first catalyst layer includes a first particulate conductive member, first catalyst particles, and a first fibrous conductive member, at least part of the first catalyst particles being supported on the first particulate conductive member. The second catalyst layer includes a second particulate conductive member and second catalyst particles, at least part of the second catalyst particles being supported on the second particulate conductive member. A catalyst support density D.sub.2 of the second catalyst particles on the second particulate conductive member is greater than a catalyst support density Di of the first catalyst particles on the first particulate conductive member.

A membrane-electrode assembly includes an electrolyte membrane, a pair of catalyst layers stacked on surfaces of the electrolyte membrane, and a pair of gas diffusion layers stacked on a side opposite to the electrolyte membrane of one of the pair of catalyst layers and on a side opposite to the electrolyte membrane of the other one of the catalyst layers. One of the pair of catalyst layers contains catalyst particles and a first conductive material. One of the pair of gas diffusion layers in contact with the one of the catalyst layers contains a second conductive material. The first conductive material includes a first particulate conductive member and a first fibrous conductive member, and the second conductive material includes a second fibrous conductive member. The content K2 by mass of the second fibrous conductive member is larger than the content K1 by mass of the first fibrous conductive member.

An object is to provide an electrode catalyst layer, a membrane electrode assembly, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that can suppress decrease in durability of the membrane electrode assembly and decrease in power generation performance of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell by suppressing crack generation in the electrode catalyst layer. An electrode catalyst layer according to one aspect of the present invention is an electrode catalyst layer including at least: a catalytic substance; aggregates of polymer electrolytes; and polymer electrolyte fibers. In the electrode catalyst layer, an amount of phosphorus and an amount of platinum defined via elemental analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) satisfy a following equation (1). 0 < P/Pt≤ 3.0 ... Equation (1)

An air electrode including a multi-layer structure with an extended three-phase boundary for a lithium-air secondary battery composed of a lithium anode, a separator, and the air electrode includes an electrode current collector having a shape of a metal foam, and conductor layers disposed on top of and beneath the electrode current collector to form a multi-layer structure together with the electrode current collector.

An air electrode includes a current collector, a catalyst layer, and a water repellent membrane provided in this order. The catalyst layer has a first face in contact with either one of the current collector and the water repellent membrane, a second face in contact with either other of the current collector or the water repellent membrane, and a plurality of through holes, through which the first face and the second face communicate with each other. The through holes each have a constriction with an inner diameter smaller than either of an opening diameter in the first face and an opening diameter in the second face.