A method for preparing a support for an electrode catalyst including forming first and second polymer layers having charges different from each other on a surface of a carbon support and carbonizing the result, wherein the polymers included in the first and the second polymer layers are an aromatic compound including a heteroatom, and the first or the second polymer includes a pyridine group.

A layered cathode structure for a molten carbonate fuel cell is provided, along with methods of forming a layered cathode and operating a fuel cell including a layered cathode. The layered cathode can include at least a first cathode layer and a second cathode layer. The first cathode layer can correspond to a layer that is adjacent to the molten carbonate electrolyte during operation, while the second cathode layer can correspond to a layer that is adjacent to the cathode collector of the fuel cell. The first cathode layer can be formed by sintering a layer that includes a conventional precursor material for forming a cathode, such as nickel particles. The second cathode layer can be formed by sintering a layer that includes a mixture of particles of a conventional precursor material and 1.0 vol % to 30 vol % of particles of a lithium pore-forming compound. The resulting layered cathode structure can have an increased pore size adjacent to the cathode collector to facilitate diffusion of CO.sub.2 into the electrolyte interface, while also having a smaller pore size adjacent to the electrolyte to allow for improved electrical contact and/or reduced polarization at the interface between the electrolyte and the cathode.

A proton conductor contains a metal oxide that has a perovskite structure and that is represented by formula (1): A.sub.xB.sub.1-yM.sub.yO.sub.3-δ, where an element A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Ca, and Sr, an element B is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ce and Zr, an element M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Yb, Er, Ho, Tm, Gd, In, and Sc, δ indicates an oxygen deficiency amount, and 0.95≤x≤1 and 0<y≤0.5 are satisfied.

A solid oxide electrochemical device comprises a solid electrolyte layer, the first surface and second surface having surface pores formed therein; a first composite electrolyte layer composed of metal and a solid electrolyte and having a first porosity; a second composite electrolyte layer composed of metal and the solid electrolyte and having the first porosity, the solid electrolyte layer sandwiched between the first composite electrolyte layer and the second composite electrolyte layer; a cathode on one of the first composite electrolyte layer and the second composite electrolyte layer; and an anode on another of the first composite electrolyte layer and the second composite electrolyte layer. The anode comprises an anode metal layer comprising pores; anode active material; and reforming catalyst, wherein the anode active material and the reforming catalyst line walls of the pores in the anode metal layer.

Disclosed are a membrane-electrode assembly capable of satisfying both of two requirements of excellent performance and high durability, and a fuel cell including same. The membrane-electrode assembly of the present invention comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electrolyte membrane between the first and second electrodes, wherein the first electrode includes a first segment having a first durability and a second segment having a second durability that differs from the first durability.

An anode catalyst layer of an electrochemical cell includes an anode catalyst material. The anode catalyst material is a Pt-based alloy. The Pt-based alloy is a binary Pt-M alloy, where M is Ge, Se, Ag, Sb, Os, or Tl. The Pt-based alloy is a ternary Pt-M.sup.I-M.sup.II alloy, where M.sup.I is Ru, Ge, or Mo, and M.sup.II is Ir, Os, Tl, Au, Bi, Se, or Pd.

The present invention relates to a bio electrochemical system for the treatment of organic liquid wastes. The bio electrochemical system comprises a container; at least one tube shaped separator vertically disposed such that it penetrates the container; at least one anode disposed in the external space of the tube shaped separator; at least one cathode disposed in the interior space of the tube shaped separator; and at least one partition plate horizontally disposed such that it forms multistage horizontal flow channels for organic liquid wastes in the container.

Disclosed is a membrane-electrode assembly which can prevent the corrosion of a carbon-based carrier caused by reducing and/or stopping the supply of hydrogen gas, as well as platinum loss caused by such corrosion, without degrading the performance of a fuel cell, and thus can improve the reverse voltage durability of the fuel cell. Also disclosed are a method for manufacturing the membrane-electrode assembly, and a fuel cell including the membrane-electrode assembly. The membrane-electrode assembly according to the present invention includes: an electrolyte membrane having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; an anode on the first surface; an OER catalyst layer on the first surface; and a cathode on the second surface, wherein the OER catalyst layer includes a catalyst for an oxygen-generating reaction, and at least a portion of the OER catalyst layer is disposed on the same layer as the anode.

A hydrogen electrode includes: a first layer; and a second layer located on the side of the electrolyte membrane relative to the first layer. The first layer is formed of a sintered body of a first metal and a first oxide. The second layer is formed of a sintered body of a second metal and a second oxide different from the first oxide. The first metal and the second metal each are a single metal of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu or an alloy of the element. The first oxide is zirconia stabilized with an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Sc, Ca, and Mg. The second oxide is ceria doped with an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sm, Gd, and Y.

The invention refers to negative electrode plate, preparation method thereof and electrochemical device. The negative electrode plate comprises: a negative current collector, a negative active material layer, and an inorganic dielectric layer which are provided in a stacked manner; the negative active material layer comprises opposite first surface and second surface, wherein the first surface is disposed away from the negative current collector; the inorganic dielectric layer is disposed on the first surface of the negative active material layer and consists of an inorganic dielectric material. The negative electrode plate provided by the application is useful in an electrochemical device, and can result in an electrochemical device having simultaneously excellent safety performance and cycle performance.