Methods to improve redox flow battery performance with improved CE, reduced electrolyte solution crossover, and simplified solution refreshing process have been developed. The methods include controlling the pre-charging degree and conditions to allow high quality metal plating (ductile and uniform), for example, Fe(0), on the negative electrode. Control of the pre-charging conditions can be combined with increasing the concentration of metal ions compared to existing systems, while maintaining the same concentration in both the negative and positive electrolytes, or increasing the concentration of metal ions in the negative electrolyte so that the negative electrolyte has a higher concentration of metal ions than the positive electrolyte.

A zinc based rechargeable redox static energy storage device includes a cathode including a carbon material—binder composition and an anode including carbon material—Zinc material—binder composition both infused with an eutectic electrolyte comprising one or more inorganic transition metal salt(s) of zinc, one or more Metal hydroxide(s) and eutectic solvent comprising derivative(s) of methanesulfonic acid, ammonium salt(s) and hydrogen bond donor(s); a separator separating the cathode and anode so that the ion exchange carries in between the cathode and anode through ionic permeability; and current collector connected with the cathode and anode respectively.

A design of and the process for forming a rigidly bonded metal supported electro-chemical device stack is provided. The electro-chemical device stack can be a solid oxide fuel cell or solid oxide electrolysis stack. The stack comprises multiple planar cells connected in serial by planar metal interconnects. The cells have metal support layers on both anode and cathode sides. The interconnect has gas channels embedded. Thin ceramic electro-chemical active electrodes and electrolyte are sandwiched between the metal support layers. The cells and interconnects are rigidly bonded to form a rigid body stack. The process comprises the steps of a). forming metal supported electro-chemical device cells with metal supports on both anode and cathode sides, b). sealing the peripherals of porous cell layers with an electrically insulating sealing material such as glass. c). bonding the cells and interconnects through commonly used metal-to-metal bonding methods, such as brazing or laser welding.

A polyaromatic electrolyte for a fuel cell electrode includes a structure represented by Formula 1, wherein in Formula 1, Ar is a neutral unit represented by one of Formula 2A and Formula 2B: ##STR00001##
The fuel cell electrode may include a catalyst suspended in the polyaromatic electrolyte.

A carbon monoxide (CO) tolerant membrane electrode assembly (MEA) includes an ionically-conductive proton exchange membrane, an anode contacting a first side of the membrane and including a hydrophobic bonding agent, an ionomer bonding agent, first catalyst particles, second catalyst particles, and an anode gas diffusion layer (GDL), a cathode contacting a second side of the membrane and including a cathode GDL. The first catalyst particles are configured to preferentially catalyze oxidation of CO, and the second catalyst particles are configured to preferentially catalyze generation of hydrogen ions.

A fuel cell system column includes a first terminal plate connected to a first electrical output of the column, a second terminal plate connected to a second electrical output of the column, at least one first fuel cell stack located in a middle portion of the column between the first terminal plate and the second terminal plate, and at least one electrical connection which is electrically connected to the middle portion of the column and which is configured to provide a more uniform fuel utilization across the first column.

The embodiments herein disclose a system (1000) for managing electrical connections with electrodes in a metal-air fuel cell. The system (1000) includes a cell frame (101) and one or more anode array (102). The one or more anode array (102) is detachably provided with the cell frame (101). The one or more anode array (102) comprises one or more anode. One or more air cathode (103) is provided with the cell frame (101). One or more connector (105) connects the one or more air cathode (103) and the one or more anode array (102). A snap mechanism (106) is used for locking and unlocking the one or more anode array (102) to the cell frame (101).

The present invention relates to a flexible electrode, a biofuel cell using the same, and a method for manufacturing the same. The electrode according to the present invention comprises: a non-electrically conductive substrate (10); a base layer (20) disposed on the outer surface of the substrate (10); a nanoparticle layer (31) including metallic nanoparticles and disposed on the outer surface of the base layer (20); and a monomolecular layer (33) including a monomolecular material having an amine group and disposed on the outer surface of the nanoparticle layer (31).

The invention refers to negative electrode plate, preparation method thereof and electrochemical device. The negative electrode plate comprises: a negative current collector, a negative active material layer, and an inorganic dielectric layer which are provided in a stacked manner; the negative active material layer comprises opposite first surface and second surface, wherein the first surface is disposed away from the negative current collector; the inorganic dielectric layer is disposed on the first surface of the negative active material layer and consists of an inorganic dielectric material. The negative electrode plate provided by the application is useful in an electrochemical device, and can result in an electrochemical device having simultaneously excellent safety performance and cycle performance.

A subsurface battery comprises an anodic fracture disposed within a subsurface stratum and a cathodic fracture disposed with the subsurface stratum. A first well electrode contacts the anodic fracture and a second well electrode contacts the cathodic fracture.