Provided in this patent disclosure are a novel titanium redox flow battery having a nitrogen-enriched catalyst, and a binary redox flow battery comprised of one unit that converts electricity into chemical energy to be stored in electrolytes and a separate second unit that converts the chemical energy from electrolytes back into electricity.

One embodiment is a redox flow battery system that includes an anolyte; a catholyte; an anolyte tank configured for holding at least a portion of the anolyte; a catholyte tank configured for holding at least a portion of the catholyte; a primary redox flow battery arrangement, and a second redox flow battery arrangement. The primary and secondary redox flow battery arrangements share the anolyte and catholyte tanks and each includes a first half-cell including a first electrode in contact with the anolyte, a second half-cell including a second electrode in contact with the catholyte, a separator separating the first half-cell from the second half-cell, an anolyte pump, and a catholyte pump. The peak power delivery capacity of the secondary redox flow battery arrangement is less than the peak power delivery capacity of the primary redox flow battery arrangement.

To provide a space-saving bipolar plate for a fuel cell comprising an anode plate and a cathode plate, anode gas channels and cathode gas channels lead from main gas ports on opposite sides into an active area and are distributed across the width of said area such that they are subsequently diverted towards an opposite distribution area, and the coolant channels branch in the distribution area and, after branching, are diverted towards the anode gas channels and towards the cathode gas channels and, in each region of overlap with the anode gas channels and the cathode gas channels, are diverted collectively such that the coolant channels lead, together with the anode gas channels and the cathode gas channels, into the active area with no overlap and alternatingly with said anode gas channels and cathode gas channels.

A fuel cell plate assembly (400) comprising: a bipolar plate (102) having a port (104) for receiving a fluid; a fluid diffusion layer (210); and an electrode defining an active area (105). The fluid diffusion layer is configured to communicate a fluid received at the port (104) to the active area (105).

Flow batteries can be constructed by combining multiple electrochemical unit cells together with one another in a cell stack. High-throughput processes for fabricating electrochemical unit cells can include providing materials from rolled sources for forming a soft goods assembly and a hard goods assembly, supplying the materials to a production line, and forming an electrochemical unit cell having a bipolar plate disposed on opposite sides of a separator. The electrochemical unit cells can have configurations such that bipolar plates are shared between adjacent electrochemical unit cells in a cell stack, or such that bipolar plates between adjacent electrochemical unit cells are abutted together with one another in a cell stack.

Metal-halogen flow battery cell, stack, system, and method, the stack including flow battery cells that each include an impermeable first electrode, an insert disposed on the first electrode and comprising sloped channels, a cell frame disposed around the insert and including a cell inlet manifold configured to provide a metal halide electrolyte and an opposing cell outlet manifold configured to receive the electrolyte, a porous second electrode disposed on the insert, such that sloped separation zones are formed between the second electrode and the channels, conductive connectors electrically connecting the first and second electrodes, and ribs disposed on the second electrode and extending substantially parallel to the channels of the insert. A depth of the channels increases as proximity to the cell outlet manifold increases.

Bipolar electrodes comprising a carbon felt loaded with a polymer material and a nanocarbon material are described herein. The bipolar electrodes are useful in electrochemical cells. In particular, the loaded carbon felt can be used in bipolar electrodes of zinc-halide electrolyte batteries. Processes for manufacturing the loaded carbon felt are also described, involving contacting (e.g., dipping) a carbon felt in a mixture of solvent, polymer material and nanocarbon material.

With the measures described herein, a structural composite laminate is provided that includes a structural fuel cell, a structural supercondensator and a structural battery. Each of these components is configured in a self-supporting manner, such that aircraft parts, like exterior panels, may be manufactured from the laminate. The aircraft parts are capable of generating electrical energy by means of the structural fuel cell and distribute the electrical energy over the whole aircraft without cabling. Furthermore, short power demand peaks can be absorbed by the structural supercondensator, whereas the basic load is supplied by the structural battery.

A bipolar plate for a fuel cell, is provided having an anode plate with an anode side and a coolant side, wherein there is formed on the anode side a first structuring in order to form an anode flow field, and a cathode plate with a cathode side and a coolant side, wherein there is formed on the cathode side a second structuring to form a cathode flow field, there being arranged between the anode plate and the cathode plate structural elements to form a coolant flow field, being contacted from the coolant sides of the anode plate and the cathode plate, and having an optimized pressure distribution in a fuel cell stack and an increased stability as compared to the prior art. The structural elements consist of an elastic material. A fuel cell stack and a vehicle including such features are also provided.

A redox flow battery system includes an anolyte; a catholyte; a first half-cell including a first electrode in contact with the anolyte; a second half-cell including a second electrode in contact with the catholyte; a separator separating the anolyte in the first half-cell from the catholyte in the second half-cell; at least one state measurement device configured for intermittently, periodically, or continuously making a measurement of a value indicative of a state of charge of the anolyte or the catholyte before entering or after leaving the first half-cell or second half-cell, respectively; and a controller coupled to the at least one state measurement device for generating a temporal energy profile of the anolyte or the catholyte, respectively, using the measurements.