Disclosed are a method of manufacturing an anode dual catalyst for a fuel cell so as to prevent a reverse voltage phenomenon and a dual catalyst manufactured by the same. The method may include supporting effectively metal catalyst particles and oxide particles on a conductive support, and thus, a dual catalyst manufactured using the method may be suitably used for controlling a reverse voltage phenomenon that occurs at the anode.

A high-performance positive electrode catalyst for a metal-air battery is disclosed, which is composed of transition metal nitride-transition metal oxide heterogeneous particles and a mesoporous carbon matrix. The nano heterogeneous particles, which are 10-50% based on the total mass of the catalyst, are dispersed in the mesoporous carbon matrix; and the oxide is 10-100% based on the heterogeneous particles. A preparation method of the catalyst includes: treating mesoporous carbon with a strong acid solution to obtain surface-functionalized mesoporous carbon; immersing the surface-functionalized mesoporous carbon in an aqueous solution of a transition metal salt, and stirring and washing; adding ammonia water and stirring to enable a confined complexation reaction; washing again, and vacuum drying; and calcining the product in an inert atmosphere or a vacuum condition.

A CoVO.sub.x composite electrode and method of making is described. The composite electrode comprises a substrate with an average 0.5-5 μm thick layer of CoVO.sub.x having pores with average diameters of 2-200 nm. The method of making the composite electrode involves contacting the substrate with an aerosol comprising a solvent, a cobalt complex, and a vanadium complex. The CoVO.sub.x composite electrode is capable of being used in an electrochemical cell for water oxidation.

A membrane-electrode assembly, a method for manufacturing the membrane-electrode assembly, and a fuel cell including the membrane-electrode assembly are disclosed. The membrane-electrode assembly includes: an ion exchange membrane; catalyst layers disposed on both sides of the ion exchange membrane respectively; and a functional modification layer disposed between the ion exchange membrane and each of the catalyst layers. The membrane-electrode assembly has a low hydrogen permeability without a reduction of hydrogen ion conductivity, has excellent interfacial bonding properties between the catalyst layers and the ion exchange membrane, and has excellent performance and durability under high temperature/low humidity conditions.

Described, herein, relates to a fluorinated electrocatalyst and a method of optimizing a catalytic reaction within an electrochemical cell, in which fluorine atoms may be introduced to the local coordination environment sites to weaken the carbon-nonmetal bonds and drive the nonmetallic chemical elements towards metallic chemical elements. The method may include introducing fluorine atoms to the metal-nonmetal-carbon catalysts to occupy the LCE site within the catalysts in order prevent the nonmetallic chemical elements from occupying the LCE sites, thereby driving the nonmetallic chemical element to form a nonmetallic chemical element layer on a surface of the metallic chemical elements. The nonmetallic chemical element layer may also inhibit the agglomeration and migration of the metallic chemical elements about the LCE site, optimizing catalyst activity through the regulation of the LCE site. The resulting fluorine-doped high-performance catalysts may be usable within electrochemical cells, with long-term stability and reduced degradation.

A method of producing electrical power includes: a cathode having a porphyrin precursor attached to a substrate, and having a first enzyme, wherein the first enzyme reduces oxygen; an anode having a first region of an anode substrate and having a gold nanoparticle composition located thereon, and having a second region of the anode substrate having an enzyme composition located thereon, wherein the enzyme composition includes a second enzyme, wherein the first region and second region are separate regions; and a neutral fuel liquid in contact with the anode and cathode, the neutral fuel liquid having a neutral pH and a fuel reagent; and operating the fuel cell to produce electrical power with the neutral fuel liquid having the neutral pH and the fuel reagent.

The present invention relates to a flexible electrode, a biofuel cell using the same, and a method for manufacturing the same. The electrode according to the present invention comprises: a non-electrically conductive substrate (10); a base layer (20) disposed on the outer surface of the substrate (10); a nanoparticle layer (31) including metallic nanoparticles and disposed on the outer surface of the base layer (20); and a monomolecular layer (33) including a monomolecular material having an amine group and disposed on the outer surface of the nanoparticle layer (31).

The present invention provides a micro-porous layer which provides a fuel battery having high productivity, high power generation performance, and high durability. The present invention provides a micro-porous layer including fibrous carbohydrate having a fiber diameter of 5 nm-10 μm and an aspect ratio of 10 or more. The carbohydrate has an oxygen/carbon element ratio of 0.02 or more.

Methods of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposites are provided. The methods include providing a graphene substrate and forming a conducting polymer layer on a first major surface of the graphene substrate. The methods also include pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and dispersing a plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles on a first surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate to form the nanocomposite.

Systems and methods for manufacturing and use of a two layer coated electrode are provided. The two layer coated electrode may comprise a substrate, a first coating layer, and a second coating layer. The first coating layer may comprise a mixture of iridium oxide and tin oxide, and the second coating layer may comprise a mixture of iridium oxide and tantalum oxide. The electrode may be used in, for example, an electrolytic cell.