A solid oxide electrochemical cell includes a solid oxide electrolyte, an anode located on a first side of the solid oxide electrolyte, and a cathode located on a second side of the solid oxide electrolyte. The cathode includes lanthanum nickel ferrite.

An apparatus which can include a cathode membrane for a power source is provided. The power source can include a current collector which can include a porous substrate. The power source can include a layer that coats the porous substrate to provide a catalyst for the cathode membrane. The layer can be formed from a mixture of hausmannite and cation intercalated manganese oxide.

The present invention provides a method for making materials and electrocatalytic materials comprising amorphous metals or metal oxides. This method provides a scalable preparative approach for accessing state-of-the-art electrocatalyst films, as demonstrated herein for the electrolysis of water, and extends the scope of usable substrates to include those that are non-conducting and/or three-dimensional electrodes.

Conducting metal oxide and nitride nanoparticles that can be used in fuel cell applications. The metal oxide nanoparticles are comprised of for example, titanium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten and combinations thereof. The metal nitride nanoparticles are comprised of, for example, titanium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, zirconium, and combinations thereof. The nanoparticles can be sintered to provide conducting porous agglomerates of the nanoparticles which can be used as a catalyst support in fuel cell applications. Further, platinum nanoparticles, for example, can be deposited on the agglomerates to provide a material that can be used as both an anode and a cathode catalyst support in a fuel cell.

Provided is an air electrode or water electrolysis anode showing a higher catalytic activity than carbon black and not having a risk of oxidative degradation, in particular, an air electrode or water electrolysis anode for a metal-air battery or a water electrolysis apparatus. The air electrode or water electrolysis anode includes an electron-conductive material represented by LaNi.sub.1−x−yCu.sub.xFe.sub.yO.sub.3−δ (where x>0, y>0, x+y<1, and 0≦δ≦0.4).

In a case where an alkali aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte, provided are an oxygen catalyst excellent in catalytic activity and composition stability, an electrode having high activity and stability using this oxygen catalyst, and an electrochemical measurement method that can evaluate the catalytic activity of the oxygen catalyst alone. The oxygen catalyst is an oxide having peaks at positions of 2θ=30.07°±1.00°, 34.88°±1.00°, 50.20°±1.00°, and 59.65°±1.00° in an X-ray diffraction measurement using a CuKα ray, and having constituent elements of bismuth, ruthenium, sodium, and oxygen. An atom ratio O/Bi of oxygen to bismuth and an atom ratio O/Ru of oxygen to ruthenium are both more than 3.5.

A metal air battery includes an air electrode containing a conductive material and a catalyst, a negative electrode containing a metal, and an electrolyte having ionic conductivity. The conductive material contains a co-continuous body of a three-dimensional network structure in which nanostructure bodies are branched, and the catalyst contains oxide having a cage-shaped crystal structure.

Systems and methods for manufacturing and use of a two layer coated electrode are provided. The two layer coated electrode may comprise a substrate, a first coating layer, and a second coating layer. The first coating layer may comprise a mixture of iridium oxide and tin oxide, and the second coating layer may comprise a mixture of iridium oxide and tantalum oxide. The electrode may be used in, for example, an electrolytic cell.

This disclosure provides a unique approach for the synthesis of non-stoichiometric, mesoporous metal oxides with nano-sized crystalline wall. The as-synthesized mesoporous metal oxide is very active and stable (durability>11 h) electocatalyst in both acidic and alkaline conditions. The intrinsic mesoporous metal oxide serves as an electrocatalyst without the assistant of carbon materials, noble metals, or other materials, which are widely used in previously developed systems. The as-synthesized mesoporous metal oxide has large accessible pores (2-50 nm), which are able to facilitate mass transport and charge transfer. The as-synthesized mesoporous metal oxide requires a low overpotential and is oxygen deficient. Oxygen vacancies and mesoporosity served as key factors for excellent performance.

A core-shell composite material may include a core consisting of Nb-doped TiO.sub.2 of formula TiNbO.sub.x; and a shell consisting of a homogeneous layer of Pt or Pt alloy of 1 to 50 ML in thickness. The core-shell composite material may in particular find application in fuel cells.