The invention provides electro-catalyst compositions for an anode electrode of an acid mediated proton exchange membrane-based water electrolysis system. The compositions include a noble metal component selected from the group consisting of iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide, rhenium oxide and mixtures thereof, and a non-noble metal component selected from the group consisting of tantalum oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, cooper oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide and mixtures thereof. Further, the non-noble metal component can include a dopant. The dopant can be at least one element selected from Groups III, V, VI and VII of the Periodic Table. The compositions can be prepared using any solution based methods involving a surfactant approach or a sol gel approach. Further, the compositions are prepared using noble metal and non-noble metal precursors. Furthermore, a thin film containing the compositions can be deposited onto a substrate to form the anode electrode.

A composite including: a carbonaceous material; and a solid solution including a first metal and a cerium oxide, wherein the solid solution is disposed on the carbonaceous material.

A proton exchange membrane and a membrane electrode assembly for an electrochemical cell such as a fuel cell are provided. A catalytically active component is disposed within the membrane electrode assembly. The catalytically active component comprises particles containing a metal oxide such as silica, metal or metalloid ions such as ions that include boron, and a catalyst. A process for increasing peroxide radical resistance in a membrane electrode is also provided that includes the introduction of the catalytically active component described into a membrane electrode assembly.

A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly is provided comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane comprising a first polymer electrolyte and at least one manganese compound; and one or more electrode layers comprising a catalyst and at least one cerium compound. The membrane electrode assembly demonstrates an unexpected combination of durability and performance.

There is disclosed a cartridge for a portable electronic device power system configured as a flat, prismatic, air-breathing zinc-air battery comprising (a) an anode assembly having a structural backbone, current collectors, and a gel solution comprising a mixture of amalgamated zinc powder, aqueous potassium hydroxide and a gelling agent, (b) a porous separator sheet, and (c) an air-breathing cathode having an electrode impregnated with reductive catalyst, and (d) a serialized electrical connectivity path having low ohmic resistance characteristics. More specifically, there is disclosed a prismatic format, flat rectangular disposable primary battery having two or more zinc-air batteries connected in series, wherein each zinc air battery comprises: (a) an anode assembly having a structural backbone, current collectors, and a gel solution comprising a mixture of amalgamated zinc powder, aqueous potassium hydroxide and a gelling agent, (b) a porous separator sheet, and (c) a catalytically active oxygen-reductive cathode.

Provided is a fuel cell catalyst composition comprising a C12A7:X.sup.− inorganic material having a structure in which oxygen anions of C12A7 are replaced by halogen (X) anions, or comprising a C12A7:X.sup.−-based inorganic material which is a C12A7:X.sup.− partially converted to electride. A fuel cell comprising the fuel cell catalyst composition in a catalyst layer is also provided. Also provided is a method of producing a fuel cell catalyst composition, comprising a step of heat-treating C12A7:X.sup.− at temperature of 1000-1300° C. for at least 20 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere.

An electrode, in particular a gas diffusion electrode, for a metal-oxygen battery. To achieve an improved performance output, e.g., an improved energy density or an improved capacity, the electrode includes a porous carrier substrate on which a porous active material is situated, the electrode having a gradient of medium pore sizes between the carrier substrate and the active material. Also described is an energy store including the electrode as described.

The present invention relates to a cathode for a metal-air battery, a method for manufacturing the same, and a metal-air battery including the same. The cathode comprises a needle-shaped core including two or more species of metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, manganese, zinc, iron, copper, and chrome, or a cobalt oxide; and a flake-shaped shell including an oxide containing two or more species of metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, manganese, zinc, iron, copper, and chrome or a cobalt oxide. As such, the core-shell structure may lead to a reduction in the charge voltage of the metal-air battery as well as the taking of the good capacity characteristics of the transition metal oxide. Further, according to the present invention, the cathode for a metal-air battery may be produced without adding carbon or binder.

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) includes a cathode electrode, a solid oxide electrolyte, and an anode electrode having a first region located adjacent to a fuel inlet and a second region located adjacent to a fuel outlet. The anode electrode includes a cermet having a nickel containing phase and a ceramic phase. The first region of the anode electrode contains a lower ratio of the nickel containing phase to the ceramic phase than the second region of the anode electrode.

A photocatalyst apparatus includes a carrier and a photocatalyst carried by the carrier. The carrier is a porous material with a specific surface area higher than 10/mm, the specific surface area depending on different pore sizes, wherein the porous material includes a plurality of pores having a substantially uniform size with a variation of less than about 20%, wherein the size is larger than about 100 nm and smaller than about 5 mm. The photocatalyst apparatus can be used for lighting, anti bacteria, deodorant, air or water purification, etc.