A method for preparing a metal-carbon composite catalyst comprises the steps of: preparing a source material comprising a metal precursor and a monomer, which comprises a methylpyrrolidone (NMP); heat treating the source material so as to prepare an intermediate; and carbonizing the intermediate so as to prepare a carbon nanocatalyst in which the metal of the metal precursor is coupled to a carbon matrix structure, wherein, according to whether the source material comprises an organic additive, the type of organic additive, and the type of metal precursor, the carbon matrix structure has a carbon sheet structure and/or a carbon porous body structure, and the metal can be metal ions and/or metal particles. The metal-carbon composite catalyst can have high ORR and OER characteristics, and thus can be used as a cathode material for a zinc-air battery.

A metal foil including on at least one of its sides a layer of a material including: a metal or a metal alloy, carbon, hydrogen, and optionally oxygen, the atomic percentage of the metal or of the metals of the alloy in the material ranging from 10 to 60%, the atomic percentage of carbon in the material ranging from 35 to 70%, the atomic percentage of hydrogen in the material ranging from 2 to 20%, and the atomic percentage of oxygen if present in the material being less than or equal to 10%. The metal foil can be used in the manufacture of a cathode of a lithium-ion electrochemical cell. The deposition of this layer reduces the internal resistance of the cell.

The present invention provides a catalyst layer, a catalyst layer ink and a membrane-electrode assembly which enable provision of fuel cells with high power efficiency. The catalyst layer of the present invention comprises a carbon alloy catalyst and an ion exchange polymer which comprises at least one species of units having a cyclic ether structure selected from the group consisting of units represented by the formula (u11), units represented by the formula (u12), units represented by the formula (u21), units represented by the formula (u22) and units represented by the formula (u24).

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Proposed is an iridium alloy catalyst having reversible catalytic activity for an oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and a hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) by including an iridium alloy including iridium (Ir) and nickel (Ni). The iridium alloy catalyst according to the present disclosure is rapidly converted to an iridium alloy catalyst in an oxide form and an iridium alloy catalyst in a metallic form according to applied voltage by controlling its crystallinity. Thus, even in case an oxide layer is formed after the OER, the oxidation layer disappears during the HER and HOR and the properties of an iridium metal catalyst remain, thereby maintaining HER/HOR performance.

Bismuth-based, chloride-storage electrodes and rechargeable electrochemical cells incorporating the chloride-storage electrodes are provided. Also provided are methods for making the electrodes and methods for using the electrochemical cells to remove chloride ions from a sample. The chloride-storage electrodes, which are composed of bismuth metal, can store chloride ions in their bulk by forming BiOCl via an oxidation reaction with bismuth in the presence of an oxygen source.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a fuel inlet conduit configured to provide a fuel to a fuel inlet of the fuel cell stack, an electrochemical pump separator containing an electrolyte, a cathode, and a carbon monoxide tolerant anode, a fuel exhaust conduit that operatively connects a fuel exhaust outlet of the fuel cell stack to an anode inlet of the electrochemical pump separator, and a product conduit which operatively connects a cathode outlet of the electrochemical pump separator to the fuel inlet conduit.

The invention is directed to a mediated metal-sulfur flow battery. This battery format that is readily scalable to grid-scale levels at low cost, while maintaining battery safety by physically separating the anode and cathode. As an example, the marriage of a redox-targeting scheme to an engineered Li solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) enables a scalable, high efficiency, membrane-less Li—S redox flow battery. Redox mediators can be sued to kick-start the initial reduction of solid S into soluble polysulfides on the cathode side and final reduction of polysulfides into solid Li.sub.2S, precluding the need for conductive carbons. On the anode side, a LiI and LiNO.sub.3 pretreatment and additive strategy encourages a stable SEI and lessens capacity fade, avoiding the need for ion-selective separators.

An electrolyte including a mixture of hydroxynaphtoquinone and a precursor material thereof is provided. The electrolyte may achieve higher capacities.

Disclosed are a method of manufacturing an anode dual catalyst for a fuel cell so as to prevent a reverse voltage phenomenon and a dual catalyst manufactured by the same. The method may include supporting effectively metal catalyst particles and oxide particles on a conductive support, and thus, a dual catalyst manufactured using the method may be suitably used for controlling a reverse voltage phenomenon that occurs at the anode.

The invention relates to electrochemical current sources, more particularly to metal-air current sources, and even more particularly to lithium-air current sources and their electrodes. A cathode comprises a base made of a porous electrically conducting material that is permeable to molecular oxygen, the working surface of which has a copolymer applied thereto, which is produced by the copolymerization of a monomeric transition metal coordination complex having a Schiff base and a thiophene group monomer. The monomeric transition metal coordination complex having a Schiff base can be, for example, a compound of the [M(R,R′-Salen)], [M(R,R′-Saltmen)] or [M(R,R′-Salphen)] type, and the thiophene group monomer can be a compound selected from a thiophene group consisting of 3-alkylthiophenes, 3,4-dialkylthiophenes, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene or combinations thereof. A current source comprises the described cathode and an anode made from an active metal, in particular lithium, wherein the cathode and the anode are separated by an electrolyte containing ions of the metal from which the anode is made. It has been established that in this system, the copolymer exhibits the properties of an effective catalyst. The technical result is an increase in the specific energy, specific power and number of charge and discharge cycles of a metal-air current source.