Disclosed are a metal single-atom catalyst and a method for preparing the same. The method uses a minimal amount of chemicals and is thus environmentally friendly compared to conventional chemical and/or physical methods. In addition, the method enables the preparation of a single-atom catalyst in a simple and economical manner without the need for further treatment such as acid treatment or heat treatment. Furthermore, the method is universally applicable to the preparation of single-atom catalysts irrespective of the kinds of metals and supports, unlike conventional methods that suffer from very limited choices of metal materials and supports. Therefore, the method can be widely utilized to prepare various types of metal single-atom catalysts. All metal atoms in the metal single-atom catalyst can participate in catalytic reactions. This optimal atom utilization achieves maximum reactivity per unit mass and can minimize the amount of the metal used, which is very economical.

The invention relates to a catalyst system (9), an electrode (1) which comprises the catalyst system (9), and a fuel cell (10) or an electrolyzer having at least one such electrode (1). The catalyst system (9) comprises an electrically conductive carrier metal oxide and an electrically conductive, metal oxide catalyst material. A near-surface pH value, called pzzp value (pzzp=point of zero zeta potential), of the carrier metal oxide and the catalyst material differ. The catalyst material and the carrier metal oxide form an at least two-phase disperse oxide composite. The carrier metal oxide has a first crystal lattice structure comprising first oxygen lattice sites and first metal lattice sites, wherein the carrier metal oxide on the first oxygen lattice sites is preferably doped with at least one element from the group comprising nitrogen, carbon, and boron, and is optionally additionally doped with hydrogen. The carrier metal oxide has a second crystal lattice structure comprising second oxygen lattice sites and second metal lattice sites, wherein the catalyst material on the second oxygen lattice sites is preferably doped with fluorine and at least one element from the group comprising nitrogen, carbon and boron, and optionally additionally doped with hydrogen.

A technique may produce a composite at a low temperature by a reducing agent that is easy to handle. A technique may produce a composite in which a metal simple substance or a metal oxide derived from reduced cations, or both of them are supported on a carrier. The technique may include at least: preparing a liquid phase mixture containing at least an alcohol compound as a first reducing agent, a phosphinic acid or a salt thereof as a second reducing agent, the carrier, and a source compound of one or more cations selected including Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Rh, Ru, Re, Pd, and/or Ir; and reducing the cations in the liquid phase mixture.

This invention relates to a point of use Hydrogen production unit for use with a Hydrogen fuel cell. The unit uses energy compression to produce a high energy pulse which reacts with the plasma of a gas filled flashlamp to produce a very high pulse of power which is discharged into the water via the surface of the flashlamp to activate the photocatalyst's surface and water interface to produce Hydrogen gas in a water tank or vessel having a gas filled flashlamp or a side emitting fiber optic array. The Hydrogen gas is fed to a storage container and thence to a fuel cell whom it is converted into power to drive vehicles, ships, airplanes, underwater vehicles, boats, etc.

The present disclosure relates to an electrolyte membrane for fuel cells including a hydrogen peroxide generating catalyst and a hydrogen peroxide decomposing catalyst, the electrolyte membrane exhibiting highly improved durability, and a method of manufacturing the same. Specifically, the electrolyte membrane includes a support and a catalyst particle including a catalyst metal supported by the support, the catalyst metal including one selected from the group consisting of a first metal having catalyst activity to generate hydrogen peroxide, a second metal having catalyst activity to decompose hydrogen peroxide, and a combination thereof.

A support powder can improve cell performance under high humidity environment. A support and metal catalyst, including: a support powder; and metal fine particles supported on the support powder; wherein: the support powder is an aggregate of support fine particles; the support fine particles are fine particles of oxide compound and has a chained portion structured by a plurality of crystallites being fusion bonded to form a chain; the crystallites have a size of 10 to 30 nm; the support powder has a void; the void includes a secondary pore having a pore diameter of more than 25 nm and 80 nm or less determined by BJH method; and a volume of the secondary pore per unit volume of the support fine particles structuring the support powder is 0.313 cm.sup.3/cm.sup.3 or more, is provided.

An electrode for a membrane-electrode assembly having improved oxygen permeability by reducing the ionomer content includes a catalyst including a support and an active metal supported on the support, an ionomer, and an additive including a carbon material and a proton conductive functional group bonded to the carbon material.

An electrode catalyst including a void-containing body having a void, the void-containing body includes a core part and a skin layer covering the core part, the core part is structured with metal, and the skin layer is structured with an oxide containing Ni.

A support powder can improve cell performance under high humidity environment. A support and metal catalyst, including: a support powder; and metal fine particles supported on the support powder; wherein: the support powder is an aggregate of support fine particles; the support fine particles are fine particles of oxide compound and has a chained portion structured by a plurality of crystallites being fusion bonded to form a chain; the crystallites have a size of 10 to 30 nm; the support powder has a void; the void includes a secondary pore having a pore diameter of more than 25 nm and 80 nm or less determined by BJH method; and a volume of the secondary pore per unit volume of the support fine particles structuring the support powder is 0.313 cm.sup.3/cm.sup.3 or more, is provided.

A catalyst support material for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The catalyst support material includes a metal material of an at least partially oxidized form of TiNb.sub.3O.sub.6 reactive with H.sub.3O.sup.+, HF and/or SO.sub.3.sup.− to form reaction products in which the metal material of the at least partially oxidized form of TiNb.sub.3O.sub.6 accounts for a stable molar percentage of the reaction products.