Described are a solid material which has ionic conductivity for lithium ions, a process for preparing said solid material, a use of said solid material as a solid electrolyte for an electrochemical cell, a solid structure selected from the group consisting of a cathode, an anode and a separator for an electrochemical cell comprising the solid material, and an electrochemical cell comprising such solid structure.

The present disclosure relates to a lithium ion-conducting glass ceramic which comprises a residual glass phase that is also ion-conducting, a process for the production thereof as well as its use in a battery. The glass ceramic according to the present disclosure comprises a main crystal phase which is isostructural to the NaSICon crystal phase, wherein the composition can be described with the following formula: Li.sub.1+x−yM.sub.y.sup.5+M.sub.x.sup.3+M.sub.2−x−y.sup.4+(PO.sub.4).sub.3, wherein x is greater than 0 and at most 1, as well as greater than y. Y may take values of between 0 and 1. Here, the following boundary condition has to be fulfilled: (1+x−y)>1. Here, M represents a cation with the valence of +3, +4 or +5. M.sup.3+ is selected from Al, Y, Sc or B, wherein at least Al as trivalent cation is present. Independently thereof, M.sup.4+ is selected from Ti, Si or Zr, wherein at least Ti as tetravalent cation is present. Independently thereof, M.sup.5+ is selected from Nb, Ta or La.

The present disclosure relates to a lithium ion-conducting glass ceramic which comprises a residual glass phase that is also ion-conducting, a process for the production thereof as well as its use in a battery. The glass ceramic according to the present disclosure comprises a main crystal phase which is isostructural to the NaSICon crystal phase, wherein the composition can be described with the following formula: Li.sub.1+x−yM.sub.y.sup.5+M.sub.x.sup.3+M.sub.2−x−y.sup.4+(PO.sub.4).sub.3′, wherein x is greater than 0 and at most 1, as well as greater than y. Y may take values of between 0 and 1. Here, the following boundary condition has to be fulfilled: (1+x−y)>1. Here, M represents a cation with the valence of +3, +4 or +5. M.sup.3+ is selected from Al, Y, Sc or B, wherein at least Al as trivalent cation is present. Independently thereof, M.sup.4+ is selected from Ti, Si or Zr, wherein at least Ti as tetravalent cation is present. Independently thereof, M.sup.5+ is selected from Nb or Ta.

Disclosed is a rapid, reproducible solution-based method to synthesize solid sodium ion-conductive materials. The method includes: (a) forming an aqueous mixture of (i) at least one sodium salt, and (ii) at least one metal oxide; (b) adding at least one phosphorous precursor as a neutralizing agent into the mixture; (c) concentrating the mixture to form a paste; (d) calcining or removing liquid from the paste to form a solid; and (e) sintering the solid at a high temperature to form a dense, non-porous, sodium ion-conductive material. Solid sodium ion-conductive materials have electrochemical applications, including use as solid electrolytes for batteries.

A voltage source includes two electrically conductive terminals (101, 102) with an electrolyte (103) between them. Said electrolyte (103) is a mixture in which the main component is ash produced in a power plant or an incineration plant.

A method for producing at least one electrochemical cell of a solid-state battery, comprising a mixed-conducting anode, a mixed-conducting cathode, and an interposed electrolyte, is characterized in that a mixed-conducting anode and a mixed-conducting cathode are initially produced or provided. The surface of at least one of the two electrodes is modified by way of an additional method step in such a way that the electronic conductivity perpendicular to the cell is reduced to less than 10.sup.8 S/cm in a layer of the electrode near the surface. The anode and cathode are then assembled to form a solid-state battery in such a way that the surface-modified layer of at least one electrode is disposed as an electrolyte layer between the anode and cathode, and the mixed-conducting electrodes are thereby electronically separated.

A solid-state rechargeable 3D microbattery is provided that has improved power density, energy density, and cycle lifetimes. These improvements are afforded by providing a solid-state electrolyte that is composed of crystalline Li.sub.1+xAl.sub.xTi.sub.2x(PO.sub.4).sub.3, wherein x is from 0 to 2. The solid-state electrolyte that is composed of crystalline Li.sub.1+xAl.sub.xTi.sub.2x(PO.sub.4) has a high ionic conductivity (which is greater than 10.sup.4 Siemens/cm) as well as high chemical stability.

Systems, methods, and apparatus for encapsulating objects like that of microelectronic components and batteries. The system includes three successive layers that include a first covering layer composed of an electrically insulating material deposited by atomic layer deposition, which at least partly covers the object, a second covering layer that includes parylene and/or polyimide, and which is disposed on the first covering layer, and a third covering layer deposited on the second covering layer in such a way as to protect the second encapsulation layer, namely, with respect to oxygen, and thereby increase the service life of the object.

A pulsed laser can be used to ablate the desired thin film layers at a desired location, to a desired depth, without impinging significantly upon other layers. The battery cell layer order may be optionally optimized to aid in ease of laser ablation. The laser process can isolate layers of thin film within sufficient proximity to at least one edge of the final thin film battery stack to optimize active battery area.

Approaches herein provide a device, such as a battery protection device, including a cathode current collector and an anode current collector provided atop a substrate, a cathode provided atop the cathode current collector, and an electrolyte layer provided over the cathode. An interlayer, such as one or more layers of silicon, antimony, magnesium, titanium, magnesium lithium, and/or silver lithium, is formed over the electrolyte layer. An anode contact layer, such as an anode or anode current collector, is then provided over the interlayer. By providing the interlayer atop the electrolyte layer prior to anode contact layer deposition, lithium from the cathode side alloys with the interlayer, thus providing a more isotropic or uniaxial detachment of the anode contact layer.