The present disclosure relates to a system for storing and time shifting at least one of excess electrical power from an electrical power grid, excess electrical power from the power plant itself, or heat from a heat generating source, in the form of pressure and heat, for future use in assisting with a production of electricity. An oxy-combustion furnace is powered by a combustible fuel source, plus excess electricity, during a charge operation to heat a reservoir system containing a quantity of a thermal storage medium. During a discharge operation, a discharge subsystem has a heat exchanger which receives heated CO.sub.2 from the reservoir system and uses this to heat a quantity of high-pressure, supercritical CO.sub.2 (sCO.sub.2) to form very-high-temperature, high-pressure sCO.sub.2 at a first output thereof. The very-high-temperature, high-pressure sCO.sub.2 is used to drive a Brayton-cycle turbine, which generates electricity at a first output thereof for transmission to a power grid. The Brayton-cycle turbine also outputs a quantity of sCO.sub.2 which is reduced in temperature and pressure to a heat recuperator subsystem. The heat recuperator subsystem circulates the sCO.sub.2 and re-heats and re-pressurizes the sCO.sub.2 before feeding it back to the heat exchanger to be even further reheated, and then output to the Brayton-cycle turbine as a new quantity of very-high-temperature, high-pressure sCO.sub.2, to assist in powering the Brayton-cycle turbine.

The invention provides an object (10) that during use is at least partly submerged in water, the object (10) further comprising an anti-bio fouling system (200) comprising an UV emitting element (210), wherein the UV emitting element (210) comprises one or more light sources (220) and is configured to irradiate with UV radiation (221) during an irradiation stage one or more of (i) a part (111) of an external surface (11) of said object (10) and (ii) water adjacent to said part (111) of said external surface (11), wherein the object (10) is selected from the group consisting of a vessel (1) and an infrastructural object (15), wherein the object (10) further comprises a water switch (400), wherein the anti-bio fouling system (200) is configured to provide said UV radiation (221) to said part (111) in dependence of the water switch (400) being in physical contact with the water.

The invention provides an object (10) that during use is at least partly submerged in water, the object (10) further comprising an anti-bio fouling system (200) comprising an UV emitting element (210), wherein the UV emitting element (210) comprises one or more light sources (220) and is configured to irradiate with UV radiation (221) during an irradiation stage one or more of (i) a part (111) of an external surface (11) of said object (10) and (ii) water adjacent to said part (111) of said external surface (11), wherein the object (10) is selected from the group consisting of a vessel (1) and an infrastructural object (15), wherein the object (10) further comprises a water switch (400), wherein the anti-bio fouling system (200) is configured to provide said UV radiation (221) to said part (111) in dependence of the water switch (400) being in physical contact with the water.

An electrochemical-type power supply source for use in marine environment, is provided with: an electrochemical stack, which generates electric power in the presence, internally, of an electrolytic fluid; a first tank, designed to contain electrolytic fluid at a first temperature; a second tank, designed to contain electrolytic fluid at a second temperature, lower than the first temperature; a thermostatic valve, that mixes electrolytic fluid at a lower temperature with electrolytic fluid at a higher temperature, for generating a mixed electrolytic fluid to be introduced into the electrochemical stack at a controlled temperature for generating a desired electric power. The electrochemical power supply is further provided with an auxiliary tank, adapted to contain electrolytic fluid at a third temperature, higher than the first temperature; and the thermostatic valve is connected to the auxiliary tank and receives, at an input, the electrolytic fluid at the third temperature.

Proposed are a submarine power supply system and power supply method using a seawater battery, the system having a chargeable/dischargeable battery that is arranged on the outside of a pressure hull, so as to use, as a cathode, sodium ions dissolved in seawater, and thus produce electric power, which is then used as electric power required for operating a submarine.

Proposed are a submarine power supply system and power supply method using a seawater battery, the system having a chargeable/dischargeable battery that is arranged on the outside of a pressure hull, so as to use, as a cathode, sodium ions dissolved in seawater, and thus produce electric power, which is then used as electric power required for operating a submarine.

A transient or biodegradable battery is provided having a filament structure that limits the speed of reaction allowing for a longer duration of battery power with a controlled current limit. In one embodiment, the filament may be constructed of zinc microparticles or nanoparticles having a thin outer insulation whereby a chemical reaction at the center core results in the progressive disintegration of the insulation revealing more core material. In one embodiment, microparticles or nanoparticles are coated with outer layers of chitosan and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 nanofilms, respectively, with designable discharge current and battery lifespan by controlling the exposed cross-sectional area of the zinc microparticle center core and the length of the filament, respectively. This novel structure of biodegradable battery provides improved control of battery life and power output, providing a promising solution to power transient medical implants.

A transient or biodegradable battery is provided having a filament structure that limits the speed of reaction allowing for a longer duration of battery power with a controlled current limit. In one embodiment, the filament may be constructed of zinc microparticles or nanoparticles having a thin outer insulation whereby a chemical reaction at the center core results in the progressive disintegration of the insulation revealing more core material. In one embodiment, microparticles or nanoparticles are coated with outer layers of chitosan and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 nanofilms, respectively, with designable discharge current and battery lifespan by controlling the exposed cross-sectional area of the zinc microparticle center core and the length of the filament, respectively. This novel structure of biodegradable battery provides improved control of battery life and power output, providing a promising solution to power transient medical implants.

Self-cleaning electrochemical cells, systems including self-cleaning electrochemical cells, and methods of operating self-cleaning electrochemical cells are disclosed. The self-cleaning electrochemical cell can include a plurality of concentric electrodes disposed in a housing, for example, a cathode and an anode, a fluid channel defined between the concentric electrodes, a separator residing between the concentric electrodes, first and second end caps coupled to respective ends of the housing, and an inlet cone. The separators may be configured to localize the electrodes and dimensioned to minimize a zone of reduced velocity occurring downstream from the separator. The end caps and inlet cone may be dimensioned to maintain fully developed flow and minimize pressure drop across the electrochemical cell.

A watch including a watch case provided with a case middle, the case middle carrying an element provided with at least one index and defining an inner cavity. The watch further includes at least one pair of electrodes and at least one light source device connected to the electrode pair and arranged opposite the index, the electrodes of the electrode pair being fixed inside the inner cavity, the element being water permeable such that, when the watch is immersed in seawater, the seawater can penetrate the inner cavity so that the electrode pair and the seawater form an electrochemical cell, for powering the light source device.