A multiple perforation plate for fuel cell separators includes virtual flow path hole central lines spaced apart from each other at a constant interval in a length direction corresponding to a flow direction of reaction gas and formed in a width direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the reaction gas, a plurality of flow path holes formed at a constant interval on the flow path hole central lines in the width direction, and expansion parts formed at both sides of a middle point of each of the flow path holes in the width direction so as to have a greater width in the length direction than that of other points of each of the flow path holes.

A flow battery according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a first liquid containing dissolved therein a charge mediator and a discharge mediator; a first electrode immersed in the first liquid; and a first active material immersed in the first liquid. The equilibrium potential of the charge mediator is lower than the equilibrium potential of the first active material, and the equilibrium potential of the discharge mediator is higher than the equilibrium potential of the first active material.

A flow battery according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a first liquid containing dissolved therein a charge mediator and a discharge mediator; a first electrode immersed in the first liquid; and a first active material immersed in the first liquid. The equilibrium potential of the charge mediator is lower than the equilibrium potential of the first active material, and the equilibrium potential of the discharge mediator is higher than the equilibrium potential of the first active material.

Provided are metal-air scavenger systems that use metal surfaces to harvest energy for powering microelectronic devices; such devices can be attached to exposed metal surfaces and then generate power by electrochemically oxidizing the metal surface. The disclosed devices can be configured to effect relative motion between the device and the metal, thus allowing the device to utilize an entire metal surface to generate power and also allowing the device to feed metal to itself to generate power.

A method for making an improved fuel cell using a porosity gradient design for gas diffusion layers in a hydrogen fuel cell, a gas diffusion layer made by the method and a fuel cell containing the gas diffusion layer.

A fuel cell assembly includes an electrode member that has a membrane electrode assembly having an electrolyte membrane and an electrode catalyst layer, and gas diffusion layers; a solid rubber gasket that is disposed in a frame shape on an outward side of the electrode member in a surface direction; and a bonding member that is disposed in a frame shape on the outward side of the electrode member in the surface direction, is bonded to the electrode member and the gasket, and integrates these. A form of bonding the bonding member to the electrode member is at least one of impregnation with the gas diffusion layers and bonding to the membrane electrode assembly. A thickness of the bonding member is equal to or larger than a thickness of the gas diffusion layer, and at least a portion on a surface of the bonding member is coated with the gasket.

A fuel cell assembly includes an electrode member that has a membrane electrode assembly having an electrolyte membrane and an electrode catalyst layer, and gas diffusion layers; a solid rubber gasket that is disposed in a frame shape on an outward side of the electrode member in a surface direction; and a bonding member that is disposed in a frame shape on the outward side of the electrode member in the surface direction, is bonded to the electrode member and the gasket, and integrates these. A form of bonding the bonding member to the electrode member is at least one of impregnation with the gas diffusion layers and bonding to the membrane electrode assembly. A thickness of the bonding member is equal to or larger than a thickness of the gas diffusion layer, and at least a portion on a surface of the bonding member is coated with the gasket.

A catalyst for an air electrode of a metal air secondary battery, the catalyst containing Ca.sub.2FeCoO.sub.5 and YBaCo.sub.4O.sub.7, in which a mass ratio of a content of the YBaCo.sub.4O.sub.7 to a content of the Ca.sub.2FeCoO.sub.5 is 0.49 to 9.00.

According to the present embodiment, a fuel cell stack comprises a cell stack having a plurality of unit cells stacked therein, each of the unit cells including an electrolyte membrane, a fuel-electrode porous passage plate, and an oxidant-electrode porous passage plate, wherein in the cell stack, at least a part of one main surface of a conductive fuel-electrode porous passage plate is in contact with one main surface of a conductive oxidant-electrode porous passage plate, and a capillary force of water contained in a hydrophilic micropores of the conductive fuel-electrode porous passage plate and the conductive oxidant-electrode porous passage plate prevents an oxidant gas in an oxidant-electrode passage and a fuel gas in a fuel-electrode passage from directly mixing together.

According to the present embodiment, a fuel cell stack comprises a cell stack having a plurality of unit cells stacked therein, each of the unit cells including an electrolyte membrane, a fuel-electrode porous passage plate, and an oxidant-electrode porous passage plate, wherein in the cell stack, at least a part of one main surface of a conductive fuel-electrode porous passage plate is in contact with one main surface of a conductive oxidant-electrode porous passage plate, and a capillary force of water contained in a hydrophilic micropores of the conductive fuel-electrode porous passage plate and the conductive oxidant-electrode porous passage plate prevents an oxidant gas in an oxidant-electrode passage and a fuel gas in a fuel-electrode passage from directly mixing together.