This redox flow secondary battery has an electrolyte tank (6) containing: a positive electrode cell chamber (2) containing a positive electrode (1) comprising a carbon electrode; a negative electrode cell chamber (4) containing a negative electrode (3) comprising a carbon electrode; and an electrolyte membrane (5) as a barrier membrane that separates/isolates the positive electrode cell chamber (2) and the negative electrode cell chamber (4). The positive electrode cell chamber (2) contains a positive electrode electrolyte containing an active substance, the negative electrode cell chamber (4) contains a negative electrode electrolyte containing an active substance, and the redox flow secondary battery charges and discharges on the basis of the change in valency of the active substances in the electrolytes. The electrolyte membrane (5) contains an ion exchange resin composition that is primarily a polyelectrolyte polymer, and the electrolyte membrane (5) has a reinforcing material comprising a fluorine-based porous membrane.

The present invention relates to a reversible electrochemical cell, such as an electrolysis cell for water splitting or for conversion of carbon dioxide and water into fuel. The present invention relates also to an electrochemical cell that when operated in reverse performs as a fuel cell. The electrochemical cell comprises gas5 diffusion electrodes and a porous layer made of materials and having a structure adapted to allow for a temperature range of operation between 100-374 C. and in a pressure range between 3-200 bars.

The present invention relates to a reversible electrochemical cell, such as an electrolysis cell for water splitting or for conversion of carbon dioxide and water into fuel. The present invention relates also to an electrochemical cell that when operated in reverse performs as a fuel cell. The electrochemical cell comprises gas5 diffusion electrodes and a porous layer made of materials and having a structure adapted to allow for a temperature range of operation between 100-374 C. and in a pressure range between 3-200 bars.

A platinum-palladium alloy catalyst, and a phosphoric acid or a phosphonated ionomer contacting the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst in a fuel cell. Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs, with phosphoric-acid-saturated silicon carbide matrix) employing the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst, and, a phosphoric acid or a phosphonated ionomer contacting the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst are disclosed. High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs, with phosphoric-acid-contained polymer matrix) employing the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst, and a phosphoric acid or a phosphonated ionomer contacting the platinum-palladium alloy catalyst are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to membrane electrode assemblies comprising two electrochemically active electrodes separated by a polymer electrolyte membrane, there being a polyimide layer on each of the two surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane that are in contact with the electrodes. The present membrane electrode assemblies may be used in particular for producing fuel cells which have a particularly high long-term stability.

Polymers for use as an Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs) and produce an alkaline stable AEM. The multinuclear aromatic and amine-functionalized acetal (ketal) come together to form a polymer with a hydrocarbon backbone that is stable to alkaline conditions. The use of an amine-functionalized acetal allows for the incorporation of a stable cation, dimethyl piperidinium, in the most stable confirmation while avoiding incorporation of a CF3 group with every cation. The amines within the amine-functionalized polyaromatic that results from this polymerization are quaternized to form the desired cationic groups to create an AEM that is mechanically robust, conductive, and stable.

Polymers for use as an Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs) and produce an alkaline stable AEM. The multinuclear aromatic and amine-functionalized acetal (ketal) come together to form a polymer with a hydrocarbon backbone that is stable to alkaline conditions. The use of an amine-functionalized acetal allows for the incorporation of a stable cation, dimethyl piperidinium, in the most stable confirmation while avoiding incorporation of a CF3 group with every cation. The amines within the amine-functionalized polyaromatic that results from this polymerization are quaternized to form the desired cationic groups to create an AEM that is mechanically robust, conductive, and stable.