Recognizing the fact of extremely low utilization of peak power (especially in the aviation use case), we propose a novel approach to significantly reduce the size and weight of the system by downsizing the main air compressor to match the air flow required to produce the desired continuous power (e.g., 55% of the peak power rating for the aviation applications, etc.), and provide the supplemental oxygen flow from an on-board high-pressure oxygen tank.

The invention provides a hybrid power system, which integrates an internal combustion engine with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack and provides power for the vehicle through the internal combustion engine at first in the preheating stage of the SOFC stack, thereby solving the problem that an SOFC stack is unable to provide power for the vehicle in the preheating stage. At the same time, the internal combustion engine burns fuel gas, outputs high temperature exhaust gas, heats the heat exchanger with the high temperature exhaust gas, then discharges the exhaust gas from an exhaust turbine and inhales air from the outside of the system. The air first passes through an air preheater, then passes through a heat exchanger and then enters the inside of the SOFC stack, preheats the air preheater through an air pipeline and then is discharged. After multiple cycles, the preheating of the SOFC stack is completed. As the air preheater is connected to the heat exchanger in series to heat the air, the heating speed of the air entering the SOFC stack is raised, the preheating time is shortened and a quick start of the SOFC stack is achieved so that the SOFC stack can be used to achieve the purpose of providing power for the vehicle efficiently.

A fuel cell vehicle comprising: a hydrogen tank which is mounted on the vehicle so as to have a center axis generally parallel to a front/rear direction of the vehicle; a high-voltage electric component which is positioned either forward or rearward of the hydrogen tank and which operates on high voltage; an aftercooler placed between the hydrogen tank and the high-voltage electric component to cool compressed air; and a fuel cell stack which is supplied with the cooled compressed air.

There is provided an air supply system and method for a fuel cell, the air supply system includes an air supply device configured to reduce a temperature of compressed air using heat exchange air and to provide the cooled air as power generation air to a fuel cell stack, and an indoor temperature adjustment device configured to provide external air as the heat exchange air to the air supply device or to cool the external air to provide the cooled external air as the heat exchange air to the air supply device, based on operation control information.

A modular fuel cell subsystem includes multiple rows of modules, where each row comprises a plurality of fuel cell power modules and a power conditioning module containing a DC to AC inverter electrically connected the power modules. In some embodiments, a single gas and water distribution module is fluidly connected to multiple rows of power modules, and a single mini power distribution module is electrically connected to each of the power conditioning module in each row of modules. In some embodiments, each row of modules further includes a fuel processing module located on an opposite side of the plurality of fuel cell power modules from the power conditioning module. Fuel and water connections may enter each row from the side of the row containing the fuel processing module, and electrical connections may enter each row from the side of the row containing the power conditioning module.

The invention relates to a cold start apparatus for an exothermic hydrogen consumer such as a fuel cell and also a method for operating an exothermic hydrogen consumer having a metal hydride store or hydrogen supply from a reformer. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell having an efficient cold start apparatus, which can be taken into operation immediately and does not require any pressure tank. Furthermore, the cold start apparatus should be available for an unlimited number of starting operations. The object is achieved by an apparatus for operation of a fuel cell or another exothermic hydrogen consumer, which comprises at least one starter tank comprising a metal hydride having cold start properties and also at least one operating tank comprising at least one intermediate-temperature hydride or at least one reformer, wherein the starter tank is in fluidic communication with the exothermic hydrogen consumer and the operating tank or the reformer, wherein the first starter tank comprises a metal hydride which has an equilibrium pressure for desorption at a temperature of −40° C. of at least 100 kPa and further comprises a cooling device in order to be able to be reloaded with hydrogen by the operating tank or the reformer while the fuel cell is being supplied.

Disclosed is a unitized regenerative fuel cell system, comprised of a unitized regenerative fuel cell able to operate in a fuel cell mode for electric power generation and in a water electrolysis mode for hydrogen and oxygen production, and a plurality of fire-detecting sensors for detecting fire in each zone of a tunnel, and configured to supply oxygen to zones wherein fire has not occurred if occurrence of fire has been detected in a tunnel, and a method for controlling the same.

An energy transmission system is provided for a power generation plant including. plural distributed power generation devices and a flow battery system that includes plural charging stacks including electrochemical flow, wherein each charging stack is associated with one or a group of the power generation devices of the power generation plant and wherein each charging stack is configured to receive electrical energy produced by the associated power generation device or group of power generation devices and to energi/e an electrolyte of the flow battery system by the received electrical energy; a central storage unit configured to store the electrolyte of the flow battery system; a discharging stack including electrochemical flow cells, wherein the discharging stack is configured to extract electrical energy from the electrolyte and to provide the electrical energy to a power gri A wind farm including wind turbines and including such energy transmission system is further provided.

The invention relates to a fuel cell system (100) with at least one fuel cell (90), each fuel cell (90) having a cathode inlet (92), and with a housing (50) in which the at least one fuel cell (90) is arranged, the housing (50) having at least one ventilation inlet (52) through which at least one ventilation fluid flows in and at least one outflow outlet (54) through which at least one outflow fluid flows out. The fuel cell system (100) further comprises a supply line (14) to the at least one cathode inlet (92) for providing a supply fluid from a first fluid source to the at least one cathode inlet (14), and a compressor (16) in the supply line (14) for compressing the supply fluid. The fuel cell system (100) also comprises a fluidly communicating ventilation line (24) between the supply line (14) and the at least one ventilation inlet (52) for connecting the supply line (14) to the at least one ventilation line (52), the fluidly communicating ventilation line (24) being connected to the supply line (14) between the compressor (16) and the at least one cathode inlet (92), and/or a compressor cooling line (32) for cooling the compressor (16) and a fluidly communicating compressor ventilation line (34) between the compressor cooling line (32) and the at least one ventilation inlet (52) for connecting the compressor cooling line (32) to the at least one ventilation inlet (52).

A pressure control system of a fuel cell stack includes: an air supply control unit for controlling a revolutions per minute (RPM) of an air compressor for supplying air to a cathode side of the fuel cell stack based on a required output of the fuel cell stack; a hydrogen supply control unit for controlling a pressure at an anode side of the fuel cell stack with a target pressure based on the required output of the fuel cell stack; and a differential pressure control unit for controlling the air supply control unit or the hydrogen supply control unit to calculate a differential pressure between the anode side and the cathode side of the fuel cell stack, and to modify the target pressure or the RPM of the air compressor based on the calculated differential pressure.