A flexible energy storage device with a glycerol-based gel electrolyte is provided. The flexible energy storage device can include a pair of electrodes separated by the gel electrolyte. The electrolytes can be in gel form, bendable and stretchable in a device. The gel electrolyte can include glycerol, redox-active molybdenum-containing ions, and a secondary ionic substance. The secondary ionic substance can include a salt. The gel electrolyte can have a density of 1.4 to 1.9 g/cm.sup.3 and an ionic conductivity of 2.3×10.sup.−4 to 3.2×10.sup.−4 Scm.sup.−1. The flexible energy storage device may retain greater than 95% of an unbent energy storage capacity when bent at an angle of 10 to 170°.

An inventive through transmission connecting device for connecting a first component made of a light absorbing material to a second component made of a light transmissive material by means of a light transmission bonding technology. The connecting device includes a first tool mounted to a first support retaining the first component and a second tool mounted to a second support retaining the second component. The first tool and the second tool are movable with respect to each other and the first tool is at least partly made of or includes a layer of a thermal isolator having a high thermal resistance.

A system and method including an ion transfer cell including a first side and a second side separated by an ion-permeable membrane. A first flow channel is included on the first side, where the first flow channel includes a first liquid electrolyte slurry, where the first liquid electrolyte slurry comprises first particles, where the first particles are configured to accept or deploy at least one electron-ion pair. A first electrode is included within the first electrode flow channel, where the first electrode is along and in substantial contact with the ion-permeable membrane, where the first electrode is configured to facilitate a flow of ions through the first electrode to and from the first particles and the ion-permeable membrane. The first liquid electrolyte slurry is configured to flow through the first electrode flow channel in one of two opposite directions across the first electrode.

The control method for a flow battery includes acquiring a current electrolyte capacity decay rate of the flow battery; comparing the current electrolyte capacity decay rate with a first preset decay rate and a second preset decay rate; when the current electrolyte capacity decay rate is greater than the first preset decay rate and less than the second preset decay rate, adjusting a liquid level of positive electrolyte and a liquid level of negative electrolyte, such that a difference between these two liquid levels is less than a preset value, a ratio of the total amount of vanadium in the positive electrolyte to the total amount of vanadium in the negative electrolyte remains in a first preset ratio range, or a ratio of a vanadium ion concentration in the positive electrolyte to a vanadium ion concentration in the negative electrolyte remains in a second preset ratio range.

An electrode includes a carbon fiber, wherein the carbon fiber has a first region including a surface of the carbon fiber, when a cross section of the carbon fiber is analyzed by electron energy loss spectroscopy, the first region has peaks both around 285 eV and around 530 eV, and the first region is provided up to 10% of a diameter of the carbon fiber from the surface toward a center.

Electrochemical cells and batteries that can operate with a single electrolyte solution, such as those comprising an anode, a cathode current collector, and a porous, non-conductive spacer between the cathode current collector and anode. Membraneless electrochemical cells and batteries are also disclosed. The electrochemical cells and batteries disclosed herein may be used, for example, to produce electricity or to generate hydrogen or both, and to deliver electricity or hydrogen or both to process applications.

Provided are a heteroaryl-pyridinium compound and a redox flow battery including the same. The redox flow battery includes a positive electrode cell including a positive electrode and a posolyte solution; a negative electrode cell including a negative electrode and a negolyte solution; and a separator disposed between the positive electrode cell and the negative electrode cell. The negolyte solution is the electrolyte solution for a redox flow battery.

An aqueous rechargeable zinc-iodine battery includes an aqueous electrolyte solution including zinc-iodine; a zinc anode; and a double-layered cathode having: a conductive substrate, and an adsorptive layer disposed over the conductive substrate.

In this disclosure, an ion-conducting membrane (10), a component (100) having the ion-conducting membrane (10) and a process for making the membrane (10) and the component (100) are disclosed. The ion-conducting membrane (10) includes a homogenous blend (12) and one or more additives (14). The selected one or more polymers are present in a mass-percentage in a range from 1% to 40. The present ion-conducting membrane (10) simultaneously increases the power and efficiency of the devices by combining advances in materials chemistry, nanotechnology, and manufacturing. The present ion-conducting membrane (10) overcomes limitations in the currently known technologies without compromising the advantageous properties. The present membrane (10) provides non-linear performance enhancement in electrochemical devices that leads to overall system level cost reduction.

A redox flow battery system includes an anolyte having a first ionic species in solution; a catholyte having a second ionic species in solution, where the redox flow battery system is configured to reduce the first ionic species in the anolyte and oxidize the second ionic species in the catholyte during charging; a first electrode in contact with the anolyte, where the first electrode includes channels for collection of particles of reduced metallic impurities in the anolyte; a second electrode in contact with the catholyte; and a separator separating the anolyte from the catholyte. A method of reducing metallic impurities in an anolyte of a redox flow battery system includes reducing the metallic impurities in the anolyte; collecting particles of the reduced metallic impurities; and removing the collected particles using a cleaning solution.