A metal air battery system having a rotating anode/cathode assembly. The assembly is mounted in a housing system that provides a mechanism for loading of fresh metal anodes for the purpose of mechanical recharge of the battery. The anode and cathode are able to rotate at high speed for the purposes of producing local high centrifugal (g) forces on their respective surfaces for the purpose of wiping clean liquid electrolyte from their surface to provide for almost instantaneous shutdown of chemical reactions producing hydrogen gas and electric current. The anode and cathode are also rotated at slower speeds for the purpose of providing an even corrosion of the metal anode surface and the cathode rides on the liquid electrolyte using a dynamic and or static liquid bearing design. This liquid bearing provides a constant distance and therefore electrical resistance in the battery.

An air cell includes a plurality of electrode structures each including a filling chamber for an electrolyte liquid interposed between an air electrode and a metal negative electrode; an electrode housing portion individually housing the plural electrode structures; and a liquid supply unit which supplies the electrolyte liquid to the plural electrode structures. The electrode housing portion includes a plurality of liquid injection holes to inject the electrolyte liquid into the filling chambers of the respective electrode structures and a plurality of liquid junction prevention portions each dividing a space between the liquid injection holes adjacent to each other. The liquid supply unit includes a liquid injection device allowing the electrolyte liquid to flow into the plural liquid injection holes.

State-of-the-art flow batteries suffer from drawbacks such as congestion of their electrodes, defects in liquid tightness, or shunt currents, all of which may lead to efficiency drop. Solution The problem is solved by a flow battery comprising multi-chambered ducts (100) mutually plugged together, each duct containing an integrated air electrode (111) and partition walls being partly ion-permeably perforated and partly impermeable, and nonconducting joining elements with integrated passages, the joining elements plugged bilaterally onto the ducts (100).

Provided are an air cell that has a reduced environmental impact and has favorable discharge characteristics as well as a patch equipped with the air cell. An air cell of the present invention includes, an outer case, which contains a positive electrode having a catalyst layer containing a catalyst and a binder, a negative electrode containing a metal material, a separator, and an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution is an aqueous solution with a pH of 3 or more and less than 12. The separator has an air permeability of 10 sec/100 ml or more, or the positive electrode has a porous sheet made of carbon as a current collector. A patch of the present invention includes the air cell of the present invention as a power supply.

Aluminum-air battery units and stacks are provided with frames configured to mechanically support the anode of each unit, within a housing configured to support the frame and the air cathode(s) mechanically, sealably hold the electrolyte within the housing and in fluid communication with openings in the housingforming one or two sided electrochemical cell in each unit. The frame comprises a protective strap configured to protect edges of the rectangular anode against corrosion by the electrolyte during operation, and also an external trapezoid shape that is configured to press the protective strap against the edges of the rectangular anode upon insertion of the frame with the anode into the housing. Various embodiments comprise, spacers between the anode and cathodes and grids supporting airways to the cathodes. In disclosed configurations, anode may be replaced after electrolyte evacuation while maintaining the stack sealed and quickly ready for renewed operation.

An electrochemical device includes an air cathode; a lithium-containing anode metal; a porous separator; and a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a lithium salt, a sodium salt, and a solvent; wherein the electrochemical device is a lithium-air battery.

A metal-air battery includes: a cathode formed of a co-continuous body having a three dimensional network structure formed by an integrated plurality of nanostructures having branches; a foil- or plate-like anode formed of a metal; a separator that absorbs a liquid, which is to be an electrolytic solution; and a foil- or plate-like current collector formed of a metal. The metal-air battery is formed with a wound structure in which the current collector, the cathode, the separator, the anode, and the separator are superimposed and wound in this order.

An aircraft has an aircraft propulsor and/or an aircraft propulsor drive. The aircraft propulsor and/or an aircraft propulsor drive acts as a waste heat source. The aircraft has a metal-air fuel cell. The aircraft has a waste heat transfer system configured to thermally couple the metal-air fuel cell and a waste heat source. The aircraft includes a control system configured to operate the waste heat transfer system to selectively transfer waste heat from the waste heat source to the metal-air fuel cell.

An aluminum-air battery is provided. The battery comprises a hydrophilic and porous electrolyte substrate, a conductive layer comprising aluminum on one surface of the electrolyte substrate or inside the electrolyte substrate as battery anode, an oxygen reduction catalyst on an opposite surface of the electrolyte substrate as battery cathode, and an electrolyte either applied to the electrolyte substrate externally or pre-deposited into the electrolyte substrate. A battery shell can be employed for a multi-use rigid battery design, or it can be eliminated for a single-use flexible battery design.

In an embodiment a fuel cell includes a cell stack having a plurality of unit cells stacked in a first direction, first and second end plates disposed at both side ends of the cell stack respectively, the first and second end plates having a form in which a resin part envelopes a metallic insert and a sacrificial electrode disposed at the resin part of the second end plate adjacent to a cell having the highest potential among the unit cells.