An anaerobic aluminum-water electrochemical cell is provided. The electrochemical cell includes: a plurality of electrode stacks, each electrode stack featuring an aluminum or aluminum alloy anode, and at least one cathode configured to be electrically coupled to the anode; one or more physical separators between each electrode stack adjacent to the cathode; a housing configured to hold the electrode stacks, an electrolyte, and the physical separators; a water injection port, in the housing, configured to introduce water into the housing; and an amount of hydroxide base sufficient to form an electrolyte having a hydroxide base concentration of at least 0.5% to at most 13% of the saturation concentration when water is introduced between the anode and the least one cathode.

An electrochemical cell is provided. The cell includes: a plurality of electrode stacks, each electrode stack including an aluminum or aluminum alloy anode, and at least one cathode configured to be electrically coupled to the anode; one or more physical separators between each electrode stack adjacent to the cathode; a housing configured to hold the electrode stacks, an electrolyte, and the physical separators; a water injection port, in the housing, configured to introduce water into the housing. The aluminum or aluminum alloy of the anode is substantially free of titanium and boron.

An anaerobic aluminum-water electrochemical cell that includes: a plurality of electrode stacks, each electrode stack featuring an aluminum or aluminum alloy anode, and at least one cathode configured to be electrically coupled to the anode; one or more physical separators between each electrode stack adjacent to the cathode; a housing configured to hold the electrode stacks, an electrolyte, and the physical separators; a water injection port, in the housing, configured to introduce water into the housing. The electrochemical cell also includes an amount of hydroxide base sufficient to form an electrolyte having a hydroxide base concentration of at least 0.05 M to at most 3 M when water is introduced between the anode and at least one cathode of the electrochemical cell. The aluminum or aluminum alloy of the anode is substantially free of titanium and boron.

A zinc-air battery includes an air cathode, a zinc anode, an electrolyte, and a housing, wherein the zinc-air battery includes a carbon dioxide scrubbing agent. A packaging for a zinc-air battery, wherein the packing includes a chamber having a carbon dioxide scrubbing agent, and the chamber is configured to contain the zinc-air battery during storage.

A metal-air cell has a first housing part and a second housing part that together form a cell housing. The metal-air cell includes a metal based anode and a layer-shaped air cathode and an electrolyte. The first housing part has at least one air passage opening. A layer-shaped air diffusor is disposed between the first housing part and the air cathode. A layer-shaped separator is arranged between the air cathode and the metal based anode. The layer-shaped air diffuser is air-permeable and has a first side facing the air cathode and a second side facing away from the air cathode, wherein the layer-shaped air diffuser has a hydrophobic coating on at least one of the sides.

Provided is a lithium air battery in which a catalyst layer of a cathode contacting an electrolyte and using oxygen in the air as an active material is coupled to a membrane through which lithium ions pass, such that even though charge and discharge of the battery is repeated, the catalyst layer may not be detached, and a microporous polyolefin-based film is applied to the battery, such that a water-based electrolyte solvent may be prevented from being evaporated, thereby preventing performance deterioration due to repetition of the charge and discharge of the lithium air battery, and extending life span.

Provided is a magnesium-air fuel cell in which a conductive state is achieved when a lid is fastened, and a nonconductive state is achieved when the lid is loosened, so that the power supply can be turned ON and OFF based on a fastening state of the lid. A lid includes a lower end portion that comes into contact with a main body at a time of fastening, an anode body inserted in the main body, and an electrode plate made of metal coupled to an end of the anode body. The electrode plate includes a first terminal at least positioned at the lower end portion. The main body includes a second terminal positioned on a surface that comes into contact with the lower end portion of the lid at the time of fastening the lid. Electrical conduction is achieved when the first terminal and the second terminal come into contact with each other.

A rechargeable battery system, a battery pack, and methods of manufacturing the same are disclosed herein. The rechargeable battery system and/or battery pack can be for an electric vehicle. The rechargeable battery system and/or battery pack can include a plurality of battery cells arranged into one or more rows, a busbar, and a housing. The busbar can extend over the ends of the plurality of battery cells, and can be configured to conduct electrical energy to and from the battery cells. The busbar may also connect to the one or more of the terminals of the plurality of battery cells. The busbar may define a busbar cooling duct having an entrance and an exit. In addition, the busbar cooling duct may be in thermal connection with a plurality of contacts of the busbar.

Provided is an anode for a lithium secondary battery capable of improving the performance and the life of a lithium air battery by forming the anode so that lithium metal is sealed, but migration of lithium ions is possible, and thus, preventing corrosion of a lithium metal and the generation of hydrogen gas caused by permeation of moisture and oxygen gas into the anode, a manufacturing method thereof, and a lithium air battery containing the same.

A metal-air battery for a vehicle may include an electrolyte and/or an electrode that is readily replaceable and/or drainable and/or fillable by an end user of the vehicle. The electrolyte may be replaced while the metal-air battery is installed on the vehicle, or while the metal-air battery is installed on a battery station, which may be separate from the vehicle. The battery may include a valve assembly configured to control the flow of electrolyte to and/or from the battery module and provided between a duct assembly and the battery module. A valve assembly may be provided on the battery module, the electrolyte module, and/or the duct assembly and configured to open upon connection of the battery module and close upon disconnection with the duct assembly. A pump may be associated with the battery module, electrolyte module and/or the duct assembly to move electrolyte therebetween.