A method of manufacturing an electrode is for manufacturing an electrode that includes an active material doped with an alkali metal. An electrode precursor is immersed in a pretreatment solution. The electrode precursor includes a current collector and an, active material layer, which is formed on a surface of the current collector and contains an active material. The pretreatment solution includes alkali metal ion, a solvent, and an additive that is capable of controlling reductive decomposition of the solvent. After immersing the electrode precursor in the pretreatment solution, the active material is doped with an alkali metal by using a dope solution including alkali metal ion.

This application provides a negative electrode active material and a preparation method thereof. The negative electrode active material may be self-embedded graphite composed of graphite A and graphite B, where the surface of the graphite A may have a tenon structure, the surface of the graphite B may have a mortise structure, the tenon structure of the graphite A and the mortise structure of the graphite B may be mutually embedded, and a hydrogen bond may be formed between the tenon structure of the graphite A and the mortise structure of the graphite B.

A non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery capable of improving rate characteristics, and the lithium ion secondary battery using the same. The non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion secondary battery includes a carboxylic acid ester and 2.0×10.sup.−6 to 3.0×10.sup.−3 mol/L of halide ion other than fluoride ion.

An elevated target amount of electrolyte is used to initially fill a molten carbonate fuel cell that is operated under carbon capture conditions. The increased target electrolyte fill level can be achieved in part by adding additional electrolyte to the cathode collector prior to start of operation. The increased target electrolyte fill level can provide improved fuel cell performance and lifetime when operating a molten carbonate fuel cell at high current density with a low-CO.sub.2 content cathode input stream and/or when operating a molten carbonate fuel cell at high CO.sub.2 utilization.

A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is an example of an embodiment of the present invention includes an electrode body around which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are spirally wound via a separator, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a bottomed cylindrical outer can that accommodates the electrode body and the non-aqueous electrolyte. The negative electrode has a negative electrode core and a negative electrode mixture layer that is provided on the surface of the negative electrode core. The electrode body has, on the outer peripheral surface, an exposed portion where the surface of the negative electrode core is exposed, and the exposed portion is in contact with the inner surface of the outer can. The non-aqueous electrolyte comprises 0.1 to 1.0 mass % of a diisocyanate compound.

A method for replenishing an electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell stack includes: preparing an electrolyte colloidal solution containing 10% to 20% of the electrolyte and having a viscosity of 200 to 800 Pa.Math.s; replenishing the electrolyte of the cell stack using the electrolyte colloidal solution prepared in step 1 to allow the electrolyte to adhere to an electrode and an internal channel of the cell stack; discharging excess electrolyte colloidal solution in the cell stack; and drying and discharging water or an organic solvent in the cell stack under an inert gas condition to complete replenishment of the electrolyte of the cell stack, and performing a discharge performance test.

An electrolyte is provided. The electrolyte includes a solvent containing propylene carbonate (PC); a lithium salt dissolved in the solvent; a first additive dissolved in the solvent, the first additive being configured to stabilize an anode solid electrolyte interphase; a second additive dissolved in the solvent, the second additive being configured to stabilize at least one of an anode, a cathode, or the lithium salt; and a third additive dissolved in the solvent, the third additive being configured to stabilize at least one of an anode, a cathode, or the lithium salt. The first, second, and third additives are chemically distinct. Electrochemical cells including the electrolyte are also provided.

A non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. The non-aqueous electrolyte may be used in a high-voltage battery to achieve excellent life characteristics. In some embodiments, a non-aqueous electrolyte includes an organic solvent, a lithium salt, a compound represented by Formula 1, and a compound represented by Formula 2, wherein, when an amount of the compound represented by Formula 1 is X wt% and an amount of the compound represented by Formula 2 is Y wt % based on a total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte, X and Y satisfy X+Y ≤ 5 and X ≤ Y,

##STR00001##

R.sup.1 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group

##STR00002##

n is an integer of 1 or 2, and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, or an unsubstituted or substituted alkoxy group.

An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery according to exemplary embodiments may include a lithium salt; an organic solvent; and an additive including a lactone compound having an epoxy group. Accordingly, it is possible to provide an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery having excellent high-temperature characteristics and a lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte.

An electrochemical apparatus, where the electrochemical apparatus includes electrodes, where the electrode includes a current collector, an active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector, a tab disposed on the current collector, and a tab protection layer disposed on the tab, where the tab protection layer includes a first polymer layer, the first polymer layer has a melting point of T.sub.A° C., and 110≤T.sub.A≤136.5; and an electrolyte, where the electrolyte includes ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate; based on a weight of the electrolyte, a sum of weight percentages of the ethylene carbonate and the propylene carbonate is Y %, and Y is 20-80; and Y and T.sub.A satisfy 0.147<Y/T.sub.A<0.7. The electrochemical apparatus of this application has improved hotbox performance and high-temperature storage performance.