The invention relates to a membrane which contains crosslinked phosphonated pentafluorostyrene. The invention also relates to the use of a membrane or membrane electrodes containing crosslinked phosphonated pentafluorostyrene in an electrochemical cell at a temperature of 0 to 380° C. The invention also describes the use of a membrane or membrane electrodes containing non-crosslinked phosphonated pentafluorostyrene in an electrochemical cell at a temperature of 0 to 380° C. In addition, the invention discloses a nonwoven fabric containing phosphonated polypentafluorostyrene. The invention also relates to the use of the nonwoven fabric in a membrane or in a membrane electrode unit in electrochemical applications at temperatures up to 380° C.

A composite solid electrolyte comprises a first component comprising an aluminosilicate-based ceramic and a second component comprising a non-conductive polymer.

High voltage, high-ionic-conductivity, fire resistant solid-state polymer electrolytes include poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF-HFP), sulfolane plasticizer, lithium salt, and ceramic nanoparticles with the basic formula Li.sub.7La.sub.3Zr.sub.2O.sub.12 (LLZO) and derivatives thereof. During the curing process, the presence of the LLZO nanoparticles prevent the P(VDF-HFP) from developing into a crystalline phase. In the electrolyte formed, the P(VDF-HFP) is in an amorphous phase with LLZO nanoparticles, lithium salt and sulfolane distributed in the polymer matrix. The solid-state electrolyte with the amorphous polymer phase exhibit higher ionic conductivities than those having a crystalline polymer phase. The LLZO contributes to mechanical properties of the electrolyte and also function as tough ceramic fillers that inhibit lithium dendrite growth during operation of lithium-ion cells and batteries. 5V all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries incorporated the electrolytes exhibit high energy densities (250-350 Whr/kg), high power densities (high discharge rate up to 5 C) and long service lives (500-1500 cycles, <2% irreversible loss/month).

A method of preparing an electrochemical electrode which is partially or totally covered with a film that is obtained by spreading an aqueous solution comprising a water-soluble binder over the electrode and subsequently drying same. The production cost of the electrodes thus obtained is reduced and the surface porosity thereof is associated with desirable resistance values.

A catalyst structure includes: (1) a substrate; (2) a catalyst layer on the substrate; and (3) an adhesion layer disposed between the substrate and the catalyst layer. In some implementations, an average thickness of the adhesion layer is about 1 nm or less. In some implementations, a material of the catalyst layer at least partially extends into a region of the adhesion layer. In some implementations, the catalyst layer is characterized by a lattice strain imparted by the adhesion layer.

A solid nanocomposite electrolyte material comprising a mesoporous dielectric material comprising a plurality of interconnected pores and an electrolyte layer covering inner surfaces of the mesoporous dielectric material. The electrolyte layer comprises: a first layer comprising a first dipolar compound or a first ionic compound, the first dipolar or ionic compound comprising a first pole of a first polarity and a second pole of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, wherein the first layer is adsorbed on the inner surfaces with the first pole facing the inner surfaces; and a second layer covering the first layer, the second layer comprising a second ionic compound or a salt comprising first ions of the first polarity and second ions of the second polarity, wherein the first ions of the ionic compound or salt are bound to the first layer.

Systems and methods for water soluble weak acidic resins as carbon precursors for silicon-dominant anodes may include an electrode coating layer on a current collector, where the electrode coating layer is formed from silicon and pyrolyzed water-soluble acidic polyamide imide as a primary resin carbon precursor. The electrode coating layer may include a pyrolyzed water-based acidic polymer solution additive. The polymer solution additive may include one or more of: polyacrylic acid (PAA) solution, poly (maleic acid, methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid, butadiene/maleic acid) solutions, and water soluble polyacrylic acid. The electrode coating layer may include conductive additives. The current collector may include a metal foil, where the metal current collector includes one or more of a copper, tungsten, stainless steel, and nickel foil in electrical contact with the electrode coating layer. The electrode coating layer may be more than 70% silicon.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide an all solid state battery in which occurrence of internal short circuit is inhibited. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing an all solid state battery including, in an order along with a thickness direction, a cathode layer, a solid electrolyte layer and an anode layer; wherein one of the cathode layer and the anode layer is an electrode layer A containing a first polymer electrolyte; the other of the cathode layer and the anode layer is an electrode layer B containing an inorganic solid electrolyte; the solid electrolyte layer contains a second polymer electrolyte; the second polymer electrolyte is a cross-linked polymer to which a polymer component is cross-linked; and in a plan view along with the thickness direction of the all solid state battery, an area of the solid electrolyte layer is larger than an area of the electrode layer A.

A coaxially arranged energy storage device suitable for energy storage and structural support for a composite component is provided. The coaxially arranged energy storage device contains an anode core of a continuous carbon fiber;, an electrolyte coating coaxially arranged on the continuous carbon fiber core; and a cathode layer coating coaxially arranged to the continuous carbon fiber core on the electrolyte coating. The electrolyte coating comprises a gel or elastomer of a cross-linked polymer and a lithium salt and a Young's modulus of the gel or elastomer of a cross-linked polymer is from 0.1 MPa to 10 Mpa. The cathode layer comprises particles of a cathode active material embedded in a matrix of an electrically conductive polymer. Methods to prepare the coaxially arranged energy storage device are described and utilities described.

A sulfur reaction product formed by reacting elemental sulfur with an amine or epoxy compound containing reactive functionality. Such reaction product can be incorporated into a thermosettable resin composition as a modifier. When the thermosettable composition containing such sulfur reaction product is cured, the resulting crosslinked thermoset displays improved stress relaxation characteristics in line with vitrimer like behaviors.