A reduced size phase shifter provides the orientation of the microwave beams. The phase shifter includes RF connector (4) that provides the entrance of the coaxial transmission line (8) into the phase shifter (1), dielectric plate (7) with high dielectric constant that provides the gradual transformation of the quasi TEM mode carried by means of the micro-strip transmission line (6) into TE10 mode carried on the twin-toroid structure (5).

In one embodiment, an electromagnetic (EM) energy containment device includes a spherically symmetric resonant dielectric structure having a radial dimension R.sub.0 defined as R.sub.0=3/.Math..sub.0/2 and having first and second regions with different indices of refraction. The spherically symmetric resonant dielectric structure is configured to receive and to contain, for a selectable duration of time, an electromagnetic wave of a wavelength .sub.0, and can find applications in delay circuits for beam steering for example.

In one embodiment, an electromagnetic (EM) energy containment device includes a spherically symmetric resonant dielectric structure having a radial dimension R.sub.0 defined as R.sub.0=3/.Math..sub.0/2 and having first and second regions with different indices of refraction. The spherically symmetric resonant dielectric structure is configured to receive and to contain, for a selectable duration of time, an electromagnetic wave of a wavelength .sub.0, and can find applications in delay circuits for beam steering for example.